G类雅思阅读卷练习.docx
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G类雅思阅读卷练习.docx
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G类雅思阅读卷练习
ReadingPassage1(共7题,共13.0分)
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonReadingPassage1below.
Questions1-5
READINGPASSAGE1
DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?
ARemarkableBeetle
Someofthemostremarkablebeetlesarethedungbeetles,whichspendalmosttheirwholeliveseatingandbreedingindung1.
Morethan4,000speciesoftheseremarkablecreatureshaveevolvedandadaptedtotheworld’sdifferentclimatesandthedungofitsmanyanimals.Australia’snativedungbeetlesarescrubandwoodlanddwellers,specialisingincoarsemarsupialdroppingsandavoidingthesoftcattledunginwhichbushfliesandbuffalofliesbreed.
Intheearly1960sGeorgeBornemissza,thenascientistattheAustralianGovernment’spremierresearchorganisation,theCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),suggestedthatdungbeetlesshouldbeintroducedtoAustraliatocontroldung-breedingflies.Between1968and1982,theCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50differentspeciesofdungbeetle,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.Ofthe26speciesthatareknowntohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.
Introducingdungbeetlesintoapastureisasimpleprocess:
approximately1,500beetlesarereleased,ahandfulatatime,intofreshcowpats2inthecowpasture.Thebeetlesimmediatelydisappearbeneaththepatsdiggingandtunnellingand,iftheysuccessfullyadapttotheirnewenvironment,soonbecomeapermanent,self-sustainingpartofthelocalecology.Intimetheymultiplyandwithinthreeorfouryearsthebenefitstothepastureareobvious.
Dungbeetlesworkfromtheinsideofthepatsotheyareshelteredfrompredatorssuchasbirdsandfoxes.Mostspeciesburrowintothesoilandburydungintunnelsdirectlyunderneaththepats,whicharehollowedoutfromwithin.SomelargespeciesoriginatingfromFranceexcavatetunnelstoadepthofapproximately30cmbelowthedungpat.Thesebeetlesmakesausage-shapedbroodchambersalongthetunnels.TheshallowesttunnelsbelongtoamuchsmallerSpanishspeciesthatburiesdunginchambersthathanglikefruitfromthebranchesofapeartree.SouthAfricanbeetlesdignarrowtunnelsofapproximately20cmbelowthesurfaceofthepat.Somesurface-dwellingbeetles,includingaSouthAfricanspecies,cutperfectly-shapedballsfromthepat,whicharerolledawayandattachedtothebasesofplants.
Formaximumdungburialinspring,summerandautumn,farmersrequireavarietyofspecieswithoverlappingperiodsofactivity.InthecoolerenvironmentsofthestateofVictoria,thelargeFrenchspecies(2.5cmslong)ismatchedwithsmaller(halfthissize),temperate-climateSpanishspecies.Theformerareslowtorecoverfromthewintercoldandproduceonlyoneortwogenerationsofoffspringfromlatespringuntilautumn.Thelatter,whichmultiplyrapidlyinearlyspring,producetwotofivegenerationsannually.TheSouthAfricanball-rollingspecies,beingasub-tropicalbeetle,preferstheclimateofnorthernandcoastalNewSouthWaleswhereitcommonlyworkswiththeSouthAfricantunnellingspecies.Inwarmerclimates,manyspeciesareactiveforlongerperiodsoftheyear.
Dungbeetleswereinitiallyintroducedinthelate1960swithaviewtocontrollingbuffalofliesbyremovingthedungwithinadayortwoandsopreventingfliesfrombreeding.However,otherbenefitshavebecomeevident.Oncethebeetlelarvaehavefinishedpupation,theresidueisafirst-ratesourceoffertiliser.Thetunnelsabandonedbythebeetlesprovideexcellentaerationandwaterchannelsforrootsystems.Inaddition,whenthenewgenerationofbeetleshasleftthenesttheabandonedburrowsareanattractivehabitatforsoil-enrichingearthworms.Thedigesteddungintheseburrowsisanexcellentfoodsupplyfortheearthworms,whichdecomposeitfurthertoprovideessentialsoilnutrients.Ifitwerenotforthedungbeetle,chemicalfertiliseranddungwouldbewashedbyrainintostreamsandriversbeforeitcouldbeabsorbedintothehardearth,pollutingwatercoursesandcausingbloomsofblue-greenalgae.Withoutthebeetlestodisposeofthedung,cowpatswouldlitterpasturesmakinggrassinedibletocattleanddeprivingthesoilofsunlight.Australia’s30millioncattleeachproduce10-12cowpatsaday.Thisamountsto1.7billiontonnesayear,enoughtosmotherabout110,000sqkmofpasture,halftheareaofVictoria.
DungbeetleshavebecomeanintegralpartofthesuccessfulmanagementofdairyfarmsinAustraliaoverthepastfewdecades.AnumberofspeciesareavailablefromtheCSIROorthroughasmallnumberofprivatebreeders,mostofwhomwereentomologistswiththeCSIRO’sdungbeetleunitwhohavetakentheirspecialisedknowledgeoftheinsectandopenedsmallbusinessesindirectcompetitionwiththeirformeremployer.
Glossary
1.dung:
thedroppingsorexcretaofanimals
2.cowpats:
droppingsofcows
1
1 Bushfliesareeasiertocontrolthanbuffaloflies.
∙[A]YESifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[B]NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[C]NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
选择答案:
A
B
C
2
2 FourthousandspeciesofdungbeetlewereinitiallybroughttoAustraliabytheCSIRO
∙[A]YESifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[B]NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[C]NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
选择答案:
A
B
C
3
3 DungbeetleswerebroughttoAustraliabytheCSIROoverafourteen-yearperiod.
∙[A]YESifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[B]NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[C]NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
选择答案:
A
B
C
4
4 Atleasttwenty-sixoftheintroducedspecieshavebecomeestablishedinAustralia.
∙[A]YESifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[B]NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[C]NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
选择答案:
A
B
C
5
5 Thedungbeetlescauseanimmediateimprovementtothequalityofacowpasture.
∙[A]YESifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[B]NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
∙[C]NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
选择答案:
A
B
C
6
Questions6-8
READINGPASSAGE1
ARemarkableBeetle
Someofthemostremarkablebeetlesarethedungbeetles,whichspendalmosttheirwholeliveseatingandbreedingindung1.
Morethan4,000speciesoftheseremarkablecreatureshaveevolvedandadaptedtotheworld’sdifferentclimatesandthedungofitsmanyanimals.Australia’snativedungbeetlesarescrubandwoodlanddwellers,specialisingincoarsemarsupialdroppingsandavoidingthesoftcattledunginwhichbushfliesandbuffalofliesbreed.
Intheearly1960sGeorgeBornemissza,thenascientistattheAustralianGovernment’spremierresearchorganisation,theCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),suggestedthatdungbeetlesshouldbeintroducedtoAustraliatocontroldung-breedingflies.Between1968and1982,theCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50differentspeciesofdungbeetle,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.Ofthe26speciesthatareknowntohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.
Introducingdungbeetlesintoapastureisasimpleprocess:
approximately1,500beetlesarereleased,ahandfulatatime,intofreshcowpats2inthecowpasture.Thebeetlesimmediatelydisappearbeneaththepatsdiggingandtunnellingand,iftheysuccessfullyadapttotheirnewenvironment,soonbecomeapermanent,self-sustainingpartofthelocalecology.Intimetheymultiplyandwithinthreeorfouryearsthebenefitstothepastureareobvious.
Dungbeetlesworkfromtheinsideofthepatsotheyareshelteredfrompredatorssuchasbirdsandfoxes.Mostspeciesburrowintothesoilandburydungintunnelsdirectlyunderneaththepats,whicharehollowedoutfromwithin.SomelargespeciesoriginatingfromFranceexcavatetunnelstoadepthofapproximately30cmbelowthedungpat.Thesebeetlesmakesausage-shapedbroodchambersalongthetunnels.TheshallowesttunnelsbelongtoamuchsmallerSpanishspeciesthatburiesdunginchambersthathanglikefruitfromthebranchesofapeartree.SouthAfricanbeetlesdignarrowtunnelsofapproximately20cmbelowthesurfaceofthepat.Somesurface-dwellingbeetles,includingaSouthAfricanspecies,cutperfectly-shapedballsfromthepat,whicharerolledawayandattachedtothebasesofplants.
Formaximumdungburialinspring,summerandautumn,farmersrequireavarietyofspecieswithoverlappingperiodsofactivity.InthecoolerenvironmentsofthestateofVictoria,thelargeFrenchspecies(2.5cmslong)ismatchedwithsmaller(halfthissize),temperate-climateSpanishspecies.Theformerareslowtorecoverfromthewintercoldandproduceonlyoneortwogenerationsofoffspringfromlatespringuntilautumn.Thelatter,whichmultiplyrapidlyinearlyspring,producetwotofivegenerationsannually.TheSouthAfricanball-rollingspecies,beingasub-tropicalbeetle,preferstheclimateofnorthernandcoastalNewSouthWaleswhereitcommonlyworkswiththeSouth
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