完整版英语语言学练习题含答案doc.docx

完整版英语语言学练习题含答案doc.docx

《完整版英语语言学练习题含答案doc.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《完整版英语语言学练习题含答案doc.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

完整版英语语言学练习题含答案doc

Ⅰ.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudies

meaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescripti

ve.

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

Ⅱ.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswi

ththelettergiven:

21.Chomskydefines“competenceas”theidealuser’sk__________

oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcret

euseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

a

lowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag_______basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

27.P_______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_______studyoflanguag

e.

Ⅲ.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeoplea

ctuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______.

A.prescriptive

B.analytic

C.descriptive

D.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage

?

A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.Duality

D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_______.

A.primary

B.correct

C.secondary

D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because_______.

A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed

C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquiresh

ismothertongue

D.Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_______studyoflanguage.A.synchronic

B.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

A.sociological

⋯psychological

B.psychological

⋯sociological

C.applied

⋯pragmatic

D.semantic

⋯linguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole

B.performance

C.langue

D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_______andmeanings.

A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_______,A.displacement

B.dualityC.flexibility

D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_______,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learningB.teaching

C.books

D.bothAandB

Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics

42.Phonology

43.Syntax

44.Pragmatics

45.Psycholinguistics

46.Language

47.Phonetics

48.Morphology

49.Semantics

50.Sociolinguistics

51.AppliedLinguistics

52.Arbitrariness

53.Productivity

54.Displacement

55.Duality

56.DesignFeatures

57.Competence

58.Performance

59.Langue

60.Parole

Suggestedanswerstosupplementaryexercises:

Ⅰ.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F

11.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.F

Ⅱ.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswi

ththelettergiven:

21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax

26.genetic27.Parole28.applied29.productive30.scientific（orsy

stematic）

Ⅲ.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoice

thatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D

Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

42.Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

43.Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedt

oformsentencesiscalledsyntax.

44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.

45.Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.

46.Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

47.Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.

48.Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

49.Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.

50.Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.

51.Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteach

ingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.

52.arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmea

nsthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds

53.Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-

structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

54.Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedm

attersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker

55.Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.

56.Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication

57.Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser

owledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,

’skn

58.Performance:

performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.

59.langue:

Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;Langueisrel

ativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently

60.Parole:

Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.