英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx

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英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.

Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon'tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn'thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter（muchlessdecline）leadershiproles.

Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents'yearsoncampus.

Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常严格的）subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.

Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling（栽倒）overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?

Strongorsexy（性感的）Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.

56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.

A）theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscourses

B）theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles

C）theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome

D）theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities

57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?

A）Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.

B）Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.

C）Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.

D）Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?

A）Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.

B）Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.

C）Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.

D）ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?

A）Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.

B）Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.

C）Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.

D）Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.

60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?

A）Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.

B）Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.

C）Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.

D）Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Headingleadershipliterature,you'dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.

Idon'tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto（追求）leadershipinthefirstplace.

We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.

Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine（神圣的）right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.

Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:

iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.

Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:

answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.

Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?

A）Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.

B）Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.

C）Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.

D）Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.

62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?

A）Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.

B）Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays.

C）Theyhaveprovedcompetentinmanysituations.

D）Theyderivegreatsatisfactionfrombeingleaders.

63.Whatcharacterizesagreatleaderaccordingtotheauthor?

A）Beingabletotakepromptactionwhenchancespresentthemselves.

B）Havingawhole-hearteddedicationtotheirdivineresponsibilities.

C）Havingafullunderstandingoftheirownmeritsandweaknesses.

D）Beingabletoassessthesituationcarefullybeforetakingcharge.

64.Howwillmanybusinessexecutivesrespondwhentheircommandfailstogenerateaction?

A）Theyreassessthesituationathand.

B）Theybecomeimpatientandrude.

C）Theyresorttoanytoolavailable.

D）Theyblametheirteammembers.

65.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoleaders?

A）Concentrateononespecifictaskatatime.

B）Usedifferenttoolstoachievedifferent,goals.

C）Buildupastrongteamtoachievetheirgoals.

D）Showdeterminationwhenfacedwithtoughtasks.

第三套

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.

Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect;doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.

Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas"distracteddoctoring."Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.

"Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,"saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.

"Mygutfeeling（本能的感觉）islivesareindanger,"saidDr.Papadakos."We'renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit'sgettingworse."

Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,"Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous."

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.

Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信条）ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

A）Toreducemedicalerror.

B）Tocopewithemergencies.

C）Tofacilitateadministration.

D）Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?

A）Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B）Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.

C）Thepro