高考英语专项训练说明文3.docx
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高考英语专项训练说明文3.docx
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高考英语专项训练说明文3
第五节 说明文(3)
[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]
We'vebeenthere:
inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.
What'stheproblem?
Itispossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”
Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.”
Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoresearchouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.
1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?
A.Addictiontosmartphones.
B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.
C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.
D.Impatiencewithslowservice.
2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?
A.Showinggoodmanners.
B.Relatingtootherpeople.
C.Focusingonatopic.
D.Makingbusinessdeals.
3.Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?
A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.
B.Itraisespeople'sconfidence.
C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.
D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ConversationCounts
B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk
C.BenefitsofSmallTalk
D.UncomfortableSilence
[2018·兰州实战考试]
Librariesaredoingwellinthedigitaltimes.Herearesomeofthemostawesomeexamples.
1.FreiburgUniversityLibrary,Germany
TheoriginallibraryoftheFreiburgUniversitywasrebuiltin2015followingtheprojectofDegeloArchitects.Thenewbuildinghas41,000squaremetersandlookslikeacutdiamond.Inside,thereare1,200workspacesinfourreadingroomsplus500workareas.Thelibraryoffersinthebasementasystemofautomatedcheckoutmachinesand700,000volumesthatcanbeborrowed.
2.MicrolibraryatTamanBima,Indonesia
ThiswonderfullittlepubliclibraryislocatedinaKampungneighborhoodneartheBandungairport,Indonesia.ThebuildingwasdesignedbytheBandungofficeofSHAUarchitectstudio.Ithas160squaremetersandisbuiltuponapreexistingstagethatwasalreadyusedbythelocalcommunityforeventsandgatherings.TheBimapubliclibraryisthefirstofaseriesofsimilarmicrolibrariesthatareplannedtobebuiltacrossIndonesia.
3.PublicLibraryofConstitución,Chile
ThecityinConstitución,Chile,wasdevastatedby8.8degreesearthquakein2010.Thenewpubliclibrary,designedbySebastianIrarrázaval,isapartoftheinitiativetorebuildthecity.ConstituciónisoneofthebiggestclustersofwoodproductioninChile.Thisheritageisreflectedintheconstructionofthispostdisasterlibrary.It'smadealmostentirelyofwood,andonlythefirewallsaredonewithexposedpouredconcrete.Theinternalareaofthelibraryexceeds350squaremeters.Thebuildingwasopenedin2015,fiveyearsaftertheearthquake.
4.LiYuanLibrary,China
Builtin2011inasmallvillageofHuairouontheoutskirts(郊区)ofBeijing,thisbeautifulnatureinspiredlibrarywasdesignedbyLiXiaodong.The175squaremeterbuilding'sinteriorisspatiallydiversebyusingstepsandsmalllevelchangestocreatedistinctplaces.Thewoodenstickstemperthebrightlightandspreaditevenlythroughoutthespacetogiveaperfectreadingenvironment.Thelibraryclosesatduskbecausethereisnoelectricityinit.
5.Whichofthefollowinglibrariesisthebiggestone?
A.LiYuanLibrary.
B.MicrolibraryatTamanBima.
C.FreiburgUniversityLibrary.
D.PublicLibraryofConstitución.
6.Ifyouwanttoseealibrarymadeentirelyofwood,youcangoto________.
A.Chile B.China
C.IndonesiaD.Germany
7.WhatisspecialaboutLiYuanLibrary?
A.Itopens24hoursaday.
B.Ithasnoelectricitysupply.
C.ItisthebiggestlibraryinChina.
D.Itisdirectlyexposedtothesunlight.
[2018·太原二模]
LocatedinLosAngeles,UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaisintheheartofaleadingcity.AlthoughLArankshighlyinTheEconomistsSafeCitiesIndex,navigatingandcitycallsforcertainsafetyprecautions(预防措施)alongwithpracticingcommonsense.
◆MobileSafetyAppPoweredbyLiveSafe
TheMobileSafetyApppoweredbyLiveSafe,managebytheUSCDepartmentofPublicSafetyandtheUSCDepartmentofEmergencyPlanning,isafreedownloadableappthatmobileuserscanusetoinitiatecontactwithemergencyrespondersaroundthecampus.Featuresinclude:
immediate“pushbutton”callstoDPS,easyreportingforsuspiciousactivityorcrimesinprogress,andlocationservicestonotifyfriendsofyourroutethroughcampus.
◆BlueLightPhoneLocations
TheUniversityParkhasmultiplebluelightphonesthatarestrategicallyplacedthroughoutcampus.Takenoteofwheretheclosestonesareonyourroute.Theycomeinhandyincaseyouloseyourphoneorinanemergency.ThesephonesaredirectlyconnectedtoUSC'sDepartmentofPublicSafety's24hourcommunicationscenter.Besidesemergencyneeds,itcanalsobeusedtoreportsuspiciousactivity,requestforanescort(护送)ifyoufeelunsafeandtoreportacrime.
◆TrojansAlert
TrojansAlertisanemergencynotificationsystemthatallowsuniversityofficialstocontactyouduringanemergencybysendingmessagesviatextmessageoremail.Whenanemergencyoccurs,authorizedUSCsenderswillinstantlynotifyyouwithrealtimeupdates,instructionsonwheretogo,whattodo(orwhatnottodo),whomtocontactandotherimportantinformation.AllmembersoftheUSCcommunity,aswellasparentsandregularvisitorstocampus,arestronglyencouragedtosignupforTrojansAlert.
8.Whatdobluelightphonesdoforstudents?
A.Guidestudentsthroughcampus.
B.Alertstudentstocrimeactivities.
C.Lightupthewayifstudentsfeelunsafe.
D.Connectthemwiththesafetydepartment.
9.HowdoesUSCsendoutinstructionsduringanemergency?
A.Withbluelightphones.
B.Viatextmessageoremail.
C.Throughmobilesafeapp.
D.BycallingallUSCmembers.
10.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toencouragestudentstofightcrime.
B.TointroduceUSC'ssafetydepartment.
C.ToprovidesafetyservicesforUSCstudents.
D.Toinformparentsofsafetyrisksoncampus.
[2018·湖北八校联考]
Leadersshapehistoryandhereisaselectionofthemostremarkableviewsintothesepublicfiguresplusfirsthandaccountsbythosewithaccesstothem.
MargaretThatcherbyCharlesMoore(2013)
BeforeMoorepublishedthefirstvolumeofhisbiography,therehadalreadybeenamountainofbooksonThatcher.Moore'saccountisdifferent.Heshowsthatfarfrombeingfearless,shecouldoftenbefearfulwithoutcause.Thefinalvolumewillincludeherfallfrompower.
HaroldWilsonbyBenPimlott(1992)
HaroldWilsonhadbecomeaghostlyfigurewhenthisbookwaspublishedin1992.Theabsenceheightenedasenseofmystery.Whowashe?
Howtoexplainhisseeminglycontradictorycharacteristics?
Pimlottsolvessomeofthemysteries;thebookisdetaileduntilWilson'sfinalphaseasprimeministerin1974.
ChurchillbyRoyJenkins(2001)
Jenkinswritesapoliticianaswellasahistorian,analyzingChurchill'shistoricmovesfromtheopinionsofonewhohadalsospokenintheCommons.Jenkinshadresignedfromhighpositionsinbattlesoverpolicy,andasonethatchangedparties,thoughnotasfrequentlyasChurchilldid.
RoyJenkinsbyJohnCampbell(2014)
Campbellcalmlynarratesthemanypoliticalandpersonaldramas,includingJenkins'intenserelationshipwithAnthonyCroslandwhentheywerebothstudentsatOxford.CampbellalsoaddressesJenkins'variousaffairswithwomen.LikeJenkins'spoliticalheroes,heledmanylives.Campbellissharpindescribingeachofthem.
Diaries,VolumesOnetoSixbyAlastairCampbell(2017)
Loveorhatehim,Campbellremainsthemasteroftheinsidestory,andnotjustbecauseofhisunusualideasontherelationshipbetweenTonyBlairandGordonBrown.Thisisanincrediblydetailedbookonwhatit'sliketoliveinsideNo.10:
thecruelspaceofevents;andtheconstantconflictwiththemedia.
11.Whichofthefollowingleadershasthelargestnumberofbookswrittenaboutthem?
A.HaroldWilson.B.Churchill.
C.MargaretThatcher.D.TonyBlair.
12.Whichwriterwasonceapolitician?
A.BenPimlott.B.CharlesMoore.
C.JohnCampbell.D.RoyJenkins.
13.What'sthepurposeoftheauthor'swritingthepassage?
A.Tointroducesomehistoriesonsele
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