高中英语 阅读理解题及详细答案解析.docx
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高中英语 阅读理解题及详细答案解析.docx
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高中英语阅读理解题及详细答案解析
2021年高中英语阅读理解题及详细答案解析
Becarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmorethanyouthink.
AbordercollienamedRicorecognizesthenamesofabout200objects,sayresearchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa3-year-oldchild.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee(黑猩猩).
Inoneexperiment,theresearcherstookall200itemsthatRicoissupposedtoknowanddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoandfetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.Infourtests,Ricogot37outof40mandsright.Asthedogcouldn'tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveRicomustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.
Inanotherexperiment,thescientiststookonetoythatRicohadneverseenbeforeandputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.TheownerthentoldRicotofetchtheobject,usingawordthedoghadneverheardbefore.
Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0tests,suggestingthatthedoghadworked
outtheanswerbyprocessofelimination(排除法).Amonthlater,Ricorememberedhalfofthenewnames,whichisevenmoreimpressive.
Ricoisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.Foronething,Ricoisabordercollie,abreed(品种)knownforitsmentalabilities.Inaddition,the9-year-olddoghasbeentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnamessincetheageofninemonths.
It'shardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Eveniftheydo,theycan'ttalkback.Still,itwouldn'thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!
60.Fromparagraph2weknowthat__.
A.animalsareascleverashumanbeings
B.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzees
C.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskills
D.dogshavesimilar'learningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren
61.Bothexperimentsshowthat.
A.Ricoissmartenoughtogetallmandsright
B.Ricocanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoys
C.Ricohasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematics
D.Ricowon'tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem
62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Thepurposeoftheexperimentsistoshowthebordercollie'smentalabilities.
B.Ricohasabettermemorypartlybecauseofitsproperearlytraining.
C.Thebordercollieisworld-famousforrecognizingobjects.
D.Ricoisborntounderstanditsowner'smands.
63.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
A.Totrainyourdog.B.Totalktoyourdog.
C.Tobefriendlytoyourdog.D.Tobecarefulwithyourdog.
4
PaynesPrairie(used)
HaveyoueverheardofPaynesPrairie?
ItisoneofthemostimportantnaturalandhistoricalareasinFlorida.PaynesPrairieislocatednearGainesville.Itislarge,21000acres.Thisprotectedlandiscalledapreserve.TheFloridaParkServicemanagethepreserve.
ThePaynesPrairiebasinwasformedwhenlimestonedissolvedandthegroundsettled.Itiscoveredbymarsh(沼泽)andwetprairievegetation.Thereareareasofopenwater.Duringbriefperiodsithasfloodedenoughtobeconsideredalake.Exceptforthat,thebasinhaschangedlittlethroughtime.
ManhaslivedonPaynesPrairieaverylongtime.Helivedthereasfarbackas10000B.C.Atonetime,theSeminoleslivedthere.TheprairieisthoughttohavebeennamedafterKingPayne,aSeminolechief.Duringthelate1600s,thelargestcattleranchinFloridawasonPaynesPrairie.Today,PaynesPrairieispreservedland.ItisoccupiedbyvisitorsandFloridaParkServiceemployees.
WillamBartramvisitedPaynesPraire.Bartramwasthefirstpersonwhoportrayed(described)naturethroughpersonalexperienceaswellasscientificobservation.Helived200yearsago.HevisitedPaynesPrairiein1774.Atthattimehedescribedit.HecalledPaynesPrairiethe"greatAlachuaSavannah."
Mostoftheanimallife,whichBartramdescribed,isstillhere.Alargenumberofsandhillcranes,hawksandwaterfowlarehereinwinter.Theanimaldiversityisincreasedbythepresenceofpineflatwoods,hammock,swampsandponds.
ThePaynesPrairiePreserveStateParkisopenyearround.TheFloridaParkServiceworkshardsothattheparkwillappearasitdidinthepast.Itoffersmanyopportunitiesforrecreation.Attheparkyoucancampandpicnic.Youcanhikeandbike.Youcanboatandfish.Youcanrideonhorsetrails.Andyoucanseelotsofnatureandwildlife.YoucanseeFloridaasitwasintheearlydays.
PaynesPrairieisapartofourFloridahistory.ItisanexampleofourFloridanaturalresources.Itisaplaceforrecreation.PaynesPrairieisanimportantexperienceoftheRealFlorida.
64.HowwasthePaynesPrairiebasinformed?
A.BytheSeminoleIndians.
B.BytheFloridaParkService.
C.Fromdissolvedlimestoneandthegroundsettling.
D.Fromlotsoffloodingandwetprairievegetation.
65.Theunderlinedword"diversity"means“.”
A.varietyB.societyC.populationD.area
66.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat__.
A.PaynesPrairiehaschangedlittlethroughtime
B.PaynesPrairieiscoveredbywetprairiegrasses
C.thereusedtobeabigcattlefarmonPaynesPrairie
D.WilliamBartramwasthefirstperson~tovisitPaynesPrairie
67.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.
A.callonpeopletoprotectwidlife
B.attractpeopletothispreservedpark
C.showyoutheformationofPaynesPrairie
D.introducetherecordedhistoryofPaynesPrairie
5
NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.
NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase(抹去),theeffectofpainfulmemories.
InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.
Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,Whileotherssupportit.
Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers'troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.
"Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.Theyebacktoyouwhenyoudon'twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallyewithverypainfulemotions,"saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool."Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering."
Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity(特质).Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.
"Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I'mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,"saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.
68.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.anewmedicalinvention
B.anewresearchonthepill
C.awayoferasingpainfulmemories
D.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill
69.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan.
A.causethebraintofixmemories
B.stoppeoplerememberingbadexperiences
C.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals
D.Wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories
70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.
A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills
B.thepillwillstoppeople'sbadexperiences
C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople'shealth
D.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica
71.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?
A.Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.
B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.
C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.
D.Thepillwillreducepeople'ssufferingsfrombadmemories.
6
What'syourdreamvacation?
WatchingwildlifeinKenya?
BoatingdowntheAmazon?
SunbathinginMalaysia?
Newchancesareopeningupallthetimetoexploretheworld.Sowevisittravelagents,parepackagesandprices,andpayourmoney.
Weknowwhatourvacationcostsus.Butdoweknowwhatitmightcostsomeoneelse?
It'struethatmanypoorercountriesnowdependontourismforforeignine.Unfortunately,though,tourismoftenharmsthelocalpeoplemorethanithelpsthem.
Itmightcosttheirhomesandlands.InMyanmar,5,200peoplewereforcedtoleavetheirhomesamongthepagodas(佛塔)inBagansothattouristscouldvisitthepagodas.
Tourismmightalsocostthelocalpeopletheirlivelihoodanddignity.Localworkersoftenfindonlymenial(卑微的)jobsinthetouristindustry.Andmostoftheprofitsdonothelpthelocaleconomy.Instead,profitsreturntothetouroperatorsinwealthiercountries,WhentheMaasaipeopleinTanzaniaweredrivenfromtheirlands,somemovedtocityslums.Othersnowmakealittlemoneysellingsouvenirsorposingforphotos.
ProblemslikethesewereObservedmorethat20yearsago.Butnowsomenon-governmentorganizations,touroperatorsandlocalgovernmentsareworkingtogethertobegincorrectingthem.Tourists,too,areputtingonthepressure.
Theresultisresponsibletourism,or“ethicaltourism.”Ethicaltourismhaspeopleatitsheart.Newinternationalagreementsandcodesofconductcanhelpprotectthepeople'slands,homes,economiesandcultures.Thebeginningsaresmall,though,andtheproblemsareplex.
Buttakeheart.Thegoodnewsisthateveryone,includingus,can
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