高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备.docx

高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备.docx

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高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备

常用词词性转换及派生

词义

动词v.

名词n.

形容词adj.

反义词

其他派生词

使能够

enable

ability/disability

able

disable

disabled/unable

不正常的

abnormal

normal

缺席

absence

absent

学术的

academy

academic

加速

accelerate

acceleration

接受

accept

acceptance

acceptable

unacceptable

接进

access

access

accessible

住宿

accommodate

accommodation

积累

accumulate

accumulation

陪伴

accompany

company

精确的

accuracy

accurate

inaccurate

达到，获得

achieve

achievement

achievable

获得，习得

acquire

acquisition

表演，行动

act

action/act/activity

active

inactive

actual/actually

适应，改编

adapt

adaptation

增加，

add

addition

additional

足够

adequacy

adequate

调整/使适应

adjust

adjustment

敬佩

admire

admiration

admirable

承认

admit

admission

收养，采纳

adopt

adoption

adopted

前进

advance

advance

advanced

好处

advantage

disadvantage

事故

accident

accidentally

使上瘾

addict

addition

addicted/addictive

addict

做广告

advertise

advertisement

advertiser

影响,打动

affect

effect

机构

agent

agency

侵略，侵犯

aggression

aggressive

aggressor

农业

agriculture

agricultural

同意

agree

agreement

agreeable

disagree

disagreement

分配

allocate

allocation

允许

allow

allowance

allowable

使吃惊

amaze

amazement

amazing/amazed

抱负

ambition

ambitious

逗乐、娱乐

amuse

amusement

amusing/amused

分析

analyze

analysis

生气

anger

angry

通知

announce

announcement

使烦恼

annoy

annoyance

annoying/annoyed

期望

anticipate

anticipation

焦虑，焦急

anxiety

anxious

anxiously

鼓掌

applaud

applause

约定

appoint

appointment

道歉

apologize

apology

出现

appear

appearance

disappear

disappearance

申请

apply

applicant

application

欣赏

appreciate

appreciation

appreciable

靠近，方法

approach

approach

approachable

批准；认可

approve

approval

disapproval

争吵，争论

argue

argument

arguable

安排

arrange

arrangement

到达

arrive

arrival

评估，评价

assess

assessment

帮助

assist

assistant/assistance

联系

associate

association

假定，假设

assume

assumption

使惊讶

astonish

astonishment

astonishing（ed）

运动员

athlete

athletic

附上，依恋

attach

attachment

吸引

attract

attraction

attractive

unattractive

attractively

知道的

awareness

aware

unaware

烤

bake

bakery

平衡

balance

balance

balanced

以…为基础

base

basis，base

basic

basement

洗澡

bathe

bath

bathtub

生，忍受

bear

birth

bearable

unbearable

birthday/birthplace

美化

beautify

beauty

beautiful

beautifully

开始

begin

beginner

beginning

表现

behave

behavior

相信

believe

belief

believable

unbelievable

believably

有益的

benefit

beneficial

背叛

betray

betrayal

盲的

blindness

blind

blindly

流血

bleed

blood

bloody

bleeding（n.）

使烦闷

bore

bored/boring

勇敢

bravery

brave

bravely

简洁的

brief

briefly

打碎

break

broken

呼吸

breathe

breath

breathless

breathlessly

晒，烧

burn

burnt

忙碌

business

busy

businessman

计算

calculate

calculation

有能力的

capability/capacity

capable

关心，喜欢

care

care

careful/careless

carefully/carelessly

偶然的

casual

casually

小心

caution

caution

cautious

庆祝

celebrate

celebration

celebrated

celebrity

中心

centre

central

挑战

challenge

challenge

challenging

改变

change

change

changeable

unchangeable

特点

character

characteristic（&n.）

欢呼

cheer

cheer

cheerful

cheerfully

化学

chemistry

chemical

chemist

小孩

child

childish

childhood

选择

choose

choice

chosen

文明的

civilize

civilization

civilized

澄清

clarify

clarification

分类

classify

class

classic/classical

classification

靠近的

close

closely

关闭

close

close

closed

收集

collect

collection

collective

结合

combine

combination

舒适

comfort

comfort

comfortable

uncomfortable

discomfort

商业

commerce

commercial

承诺

commit

commitment

沟通

communicate

communication

communicative

陪伴

accompany

company/companion

比较

compare

comparison

comparable

comparative

赔偿

compensate

compensation

竞争

compete

competition/

competence

competitive

competitor

抱怨

complain

complaint

信心

confidence

confident

confidential

关心；有关

concern

concern

concerned

unconcerned

concerning

总结

conclude

conclusion

指挥

conduct

conductor

使混淆

confuse

confusion

confusing/confused

祝贺

congratulate

congratulation

连接

connect

connection

connected

意识

consciousness

conscious

unconscious

后果

consequence

consequent

consequently

保存，保护

conserve

conservation

conservative

考虑

consider

consideration

considerate

considerable

构建

construct

construction

咨询

consult

consultant

消耗

consume

consumption

矛盾

contradict

contradictory

贡献

contribute

contribution

方便，便利

convenience

convenient

inconvenient

inconveniently

习俗

convention

conventional

使相信

convince

convincing

纠正

correct

correction

correct

腐败

corruption

corrupt

鼓励

encourage

courage

courageous

discourage

encouragement

覆盖

cover

cover

covered

uncovered

创造

create

creation

creative

creativity

犯罪

crime/criminal

criminal

批评的

criticize

critic/criticism

critical

拥挤的

crowd

crowded

残忍

cruelty

cruel

文化

culture

cultural

好奇的

curiosity

curious

骑自信车

cycle

cyclist

recycle

危险

endanger

danger

dangerous

endangered

死

die

death

dead

deadly

决定

decide

decision

decisive

宣布

declare

declaration

装饰

decorate

decoration

防卫，保护

defend

defence

定义

define

definition

故意的

deliberate

deliberately

高兴

delight

delight

delighted

delightful

投递

deliver

delivery

要求

demand

demand

demanding

否认，拒绝

deny

denial

离开

depart

departure

依赖

depend

dependence

dependent

independent

independence

沮丧

depress

depression

depressed

深

deepen

depth

deep

deeply

描述

describe

description

绝望的

desperation

desperate

desperately

破坏

destroy

destruction

决定

determine

determination

determined

发展；晒相

develop

development

developed

developing

献身，奉献

devote

devotion

devoted

区别,不同

differ、differentiate

difference

different

differently

困难

difficulty

difficult

指挥，指示

direct

direction/director

direct

directly

使失望

disappoint

disappointment

disappointing（ed）

使泄气

discourage

discouragement

discouraging（ed）

发现

discover

discovery

歧视，区分

discriminate

discrimination

讨论

discuss

discussion

恶心

disgust

disgust

disgusting/ed

距离

distance

distant

分配

distribute

distribution

打扰

disturb

disturbing

分开，分成

divide

division

divided

捐献

donate

donation

喝

drink

drinker

drunk

昏暗的

dusk

dusky

灰尘

dust

dusty

经济

economy

economic/economical

economist

编辑

edit

edition

editor

教育

educate

education/educator

educational

年长的

elder

elderly

选举

elect

election

电

electricity

electric/electronic

electrical

优雅

elegance

elegant

尴尬

embarrass

embarrassment

embarrassed/ing

紧急

emergency

emergent

情绪

emotion

emotional

强调

emphasize

emphasis

雇用

employ

employment

employed

unemployed

employer（ee）

鼓励

encourage

encouragement

encouraging/ed

结束

end

end/ending

endless

活力，能量

energy

energetic

享受

enjoy

enjoyment

enjoyable

joyful

扩大

enlarge

large

询问

enquire

enquiry

进入

enter

entry/entrance

娱乐

entertain

entertainment

热情

enthusiasm

enthusiastic

环境

environment

environmental

environmentalist

嫉妒

envy

envious

平等

equate/

equal

equality

equal

unequal

equally

设备

equip

equipment

评估，评价

evaluate

evaluation

迹象

evidence

evident

进化

evolve

evolution

确切

exact

exactly

例外

exception

except

使兴奋

excite

excitement

excited/exciting

展览，展出

exhibit

exhibition

存在

exist

existence

期望,预期

expect

expectation

expected

unexpected

unexpectedly

花费

expense

expensive

经历

experience

experience

experienced

解释；说明

explain

explanation

爆炸

explode

explosion

explosive

探索

explore

exploration/explorer

暴露，揭示

expose

exposure

出口

export

export

import

表达

express

expression

延长，延伸

extend

extension

极端的

extreme

extremely

面对

face

face

facial

失败

fail

failure

忠诚

faith

faithful

名声，名望

fame

famous

时尚

fashion

fashionable

感觉

feel

feeling

最后

final

finally

财政;金融

finance

finance

financial

牢固的

firm

firmly

健康，适合

fitness

fit

灵活的，有弹性的

flexibility

flexible

流畅

fluency

fluent

fluently

雾

fog

foggy

跟踪；跟着

follow

following

愚弄

fool

fool

foolish

外国的

foreigner

foreign

忘记

forget

forgetfulness

forgetful（健忘的）

forgettable（易忘记的）

unforgettable

运气

fortune

fortunate

unfortunate

misfortune

建立

found

foundation

脆弱

fragility

fragile

芬芳

fragrance

fragrant

自由

free

freedom

free

freely

使结冰

freeze

fre