英语演讲AtomsforPeace.docx
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英语演讲AtomsforPeace.docx
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英语演讲AtomsforPeace
英语演讲:
AtomsforPeace
DwightD。
Eisenhower:
"AtomsforPeace"
MadamPresidentandMembersoftheGeneralAssembly:
WhenSecretaryGeneralHammarskjold’sinvitationtoaddressthisGeneralAssemblyreachedmeinBermuda,IwasjustbeginningaseriesofconferenceswiththePrimeMinistersandForeignMinistersofGreatBritainandofFrance。
Oursubjectwassomeoftheproblemsthatbesetourworld。
DuringtheremainderoftheBermudaConference,Ihadconstantlyinmindthataheadofmelayagreathonor。
Thathonorisminetoday,asIstandhere,privilegedtoaddresstheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations。
AtthesametimethatIappreciatethedistinctionofaddressingyou,IhaveasenseofexhilarationasIlookuponthisAssembly。
Neverbeforeinhistoryhassomuchhopeforsomanypeoplebeengatheredtogetherinasingleorganization。
Yourdeliberationsanddecisionsduringthesesomberyearshavealreadyrealizedpartofthosehopes。
Butthegreattestsandthegreataccomplishmentsstilllieahead。
Andintheconfidentexpectationofthoseaccomplishments,Iwouldusetheofficewhich,forthetimebeing,Ihold,toassureyouthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedStateswillremainsteadfastinitssupportofthisbody。
Thisweshalldointheconvictionthatyouwillprovideagreatshareofthewisdom,ofthecourage,andthefaithwhichcanbringtothisworldlastingpeaceforallnations,andhappinessandwell-beingforallmen。
Clearly,itwouldnotbefittingformetotakethisoccasiontopresenttoyouaunilateralAmericanreportonBermuda。
Nevertheless,IassureyouthatinourdeliberationsonthatlovelyislandwesoughttoinvokethosesamegreatconceptsofuniversalpeaceandhumandignitywhicharesocleanlyetchedinyourCharter。
Neitherwoulditbeameasureofthisgreatopportunitymerelytorecite,howeverhopefully,piousplatitudes。
Ithereforedecidedthatthisoccasionwarrantedmysayingtoyousomeofthethingsthathavebeenonthemindsandheartsofmylegislativeandexecutiveassociates,andonmine,foragreatmanymonths--thoughtsIhadoriginallyplannedtosayprimarilytotheAmericanpeople。
IknowthattheAmericanpeoplesharemydeepbeliefthatifadangerexistsintheworld,itisadangersharedbyall;andequally,thatifhopeexistsinthemindofonenation,thathopeshouldbesharedbyall。
Finally,ifthereistobeadvancedanyproposaldesignedtoeaseevenbythesmallestmeasurethetensionsoftoday’sworld,whatmoreappropriateaudiencecouldtherebethanthemembersoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations。
Ifeelimpelledtospeaktodayinalanguagethatinasenseisnew,onewhichI,whohavespentsomuchofmylifeinthemilitaryprofession,wouldhavepreferrednevertouse。
Thatnewlanguageisthelanguageofatomicwarfare。
Theatomicagehasmovedforwardatsuchapacethateverycitizenoftheworldshouldhavesomecomprehension,atleastincomparativeterms,oftheextentofthisdevelopment,oftheutmostsignificancetoeveryoneofus。
Clearly,ifthepeoplesoftheworldaretoconductanintelligentsearchforpeace,theymustbearmedwiththesignificantfactsoftoday’sexistence。
MyrecitalofatomicdangerandpowerisnecessarilystatedinUnitedStatesterms,forthesearetheonlyincontrovertiblefactsthatIknow。
IneedhardlypointouttothisAssembly,however,thatthissubjectisglobal,notmerelynationalincharacter。
OnJuly16,1945,theUnitedStatessetofftheworld’sfirstatomicexplosion。
Sincethatdatein1945,theUnitedStatesofAmericahasconductedforty-twotestexplosions。
Atomicbombstodayaremorethantwenty-fivetimesaspowerfulastheweaponswithwhichtheatomicagedawned,whilehydrogenweaponsareintherangesofmillionsoftonsofTNTequivalent。
Today,theUnitedStatesstockpileofatomicweapons,which,ofcourse,increasesdaily,exceedsbymanytimesthetotal[explosive]equivalentofthetotalofallbombsandallshellsthatcamefromeveryplaneandeverygunineverytheatreofwarinalltheyearsofWorldWarII。
Asingleairgroup,whetherafloatorlandbased,cannowdelivertoanyreachabletargetadestructivecargoexceedinginpowerallthebombsthatfellonBritaininallofWorldWarII。
Insizeandvariety,thedevelopmentofatomicweaponshasbeennolessremarkable。
Thedevelopmenthasbeensuchthatatomicweaponshavevirtuallyachievedconventionalstatuswithinourarmedservices。
IntheUnitedStates,theArmy,theNavy,theAirForce,andtheMarineCorpsareallcapableofputtingthisweapontomilitaryuse。
Butthedreadsecretandthefearfulenginesofatomicmightarenotoursalone。
Inthefirstplace,thesecretispossessedbyourfriendsandallies,GreatBritainandCanada,whosescientificgeniusmadeatremendouscontributiontoouroriginaldiscoveriesandthedesignsofatomicbombs。
ThesecretisalsoknownbytheSovietUnion。
TheSovietUnionhasinformedusthat,overrecentyears,ithasdevotedextensiveresourcestoatomicweapons。
DuringthisperiodtheSovietUnionhasexplodedaseriesofatomicdevices,includingatleastoneinvolvingthermo-nuclearreactions。
IfatonetimetheUnitesStatespossessedwhatmighthavebeencalledamonopolyofatomicpower,thatmonopolyceasedtoexistseveralyearsago。
Therefore,althoughourearlierstarthaspermittedustoaccumulatewhatistodayagreatquantitativeadvantage,theatomicrealitiesoftodaycomprehendtwofactsofevengreatersignificance。
First,theknowledgenowpossessedbyseveralnationswilleventuallybesharedbyothers,possiblyallothers。
Second,evenavastsuperiorityinnumbersofweapons,andaconsequentcapabilityofdevastatingretaliation,isnopreventive,ofitself,againstthefearfulmaterialdamageandtollofhumanlivesthatwouldbeinflictedbysurpriseaggression。
Thefreeworld,atleastdimlyawareofthesefacts,hasnaturallyembarkedonalargeprogramofwarninganddefensesystems。
Thatprogramwillbeacceleratedandexpanded。
Butletnoonethinkthattheexpenditureofvastsumsforweaponsandsystemsofdefensecanguaranteeabsolutesafetyforthecitiesandcitizensofanynation。
Theawfularithmeticoftheatomicbombdoesnotpermitofanysucheasysolution。
Evenagainstthemostpowerfuldefense,anaggressorinpossessionoftheeffectiveminimumnumberofatomicbombsforasurpriseattackcouldprobablyplaceasufficientnumberofhisbombsonthechosentargetstocausehideousdamage。
ShouldsuchanatomicattackbelaunchedagainsttheUnitedStates,ourreactionswouldbeswiftandresolute。
ButformetosaythatthedefensecapabilitiesoftheUnitedStatesaresuchthattheycouldinflictterriblelossesuponanaggressor,formetosaythattheretaliationcapabilitiesoftheUnitesStatesaresogreatthatsuchanaggressor’slandwouldbelaidwaste,allthis,whilefact,isnotthetrueexpressionofthepurposeandthehopeoftheUnitedStates。
Topausetherewouldbetoconfirmthehopelessfinalityofabeliefthattwoatomiccolossiaredoomedmalevolentlytoeyeeachotherindefinitelyacrossatremblingworld。
Tostoptherewouldbetoaccepthelplesslytheprobabilityofcivilizationdestroyed,theannihilationoftheirreplaceableheritageofmankindhandeddowntousegenerationfromgeneration,andthecondemnationofmankindtobeginalloveragaintheage-oldstruggleupwardfromsavagerytowarddecency,andright,andjustice。
Surelynosanememberofthehumanracecoulddiscovervictoryinsuchdesolation。
Couldanyonewishhisnametobecoupledbyhistorywithsuchhumandegradationanddestruction?
Occasionalpagesofhistorydorecordthefacesofthe“greatdestroyers,”butthewholebookofhistoryrevealsmankind’snever-endingquestforpeaceandmankind’sGod-givencapacitytobuild。
Itiswiththebookofhistory,andnotwithisolatedpages,thattheUnitedStateswilleverwishtobeidentified。
Mycountrywantstobeconstructive,notdestructive。
Itwantsagreements,notwars,amongnations。
Itwantsitselftoliveinfreedomandintheconfidencethatthepeopleofeveryothernationenjoyequallytherightofchoosingtheirownwayoflife。
Somycountry’spurposeistohelpustomoveoutofthedarkchamberofhorrorsintothelight,tofindawaybywhichthemindsofmen,thehopesofmen,thesoulsofmeneverywhere,canmoveforwardtowardspeaceandhappinessandwell-being。
Inthisquest,Iknowthatwemustnotlackpatience。
Iknowthatinaworlddivided,suchasourstoday,salvationcannotbeattainedbyonedramaticact。
Iknowthatmanystepswillhavetobetakenovermanymonthsbeforetheworldcanlookatitselfonedayandtrulyrealizethatanewclimateofmutuallypeacefulconfidenceisabroadintheworld。
ButIknow,aboveallelse,thatwemuststarttotakethesestepsnow。
TheUnitedStatesanditsallies,GreatBritainandFrance,have,overthepastmonths,triedtotakesomeofthesesteps。
Letnoonesaythatweshuntheconferencetable。
OntherecordhaslongstoodtherequestoftheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andFrancetonegotiatewiththeSovietUniontheproblemsofadividedGermany。
OnthatrecordhaslongstoodtherequestofthesamethreenationstonegotiateanAustrianpeacetreaty。
OnthesamerecordstillstandstherequestoftheUnitedNationstonegotiatetheproblemsofKorea。
MostrecentlywehavereceivedfromtheSovietUnionwhatisineffectanexpressionofwillingnesstoholdafour-Powermeeting。
Alongwithourallies,GreatBritainandFrance,wewerepleasedtoseethathisnotedidnotcontaintheunacceptablepre-conditionspreviouslyputforward。
Asyoualreadyknowfro
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