新编语用学教程课后答案.docx
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新编语用学教程课后答案.docx
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新编语用学教程课后答案
Introduction
[checkyourunderstanding]
1、fSyntaxandsemanticseachhavetheirownstrengths、
2、fPragmaticsisalsointerestedinhowlanguageuseaffectsthelanguagesystem、
3、t
4、f
5、t
In-ClassActivities
1、ASK
(1)Yes,he’scoming、
(2)Yes、[No,heisn’tcoming]
(3)HisknowledgeaboutwhetherPatlikescognitivelinguisticsornot、
2、
(1)a、JohnisobviouslynotHitler、ThereisonlyoneHitlerintheworld、
b、Golfasaninanimateobjectcan’tplayahumanbeing(John)、
c、Itisacaseoftautologythatconveysnonewinformation、
d、“Idea”doesn’thavecolorandcan’tsleepsinceitisinanimate、Thewholesentencedoesn’tmakesense、
(2)a、itcanbeusedforcommunicationinacontextwhereJohnsharessomepersonalitywithHitler、
b、whenJohnisapoorplayerofgolf、
c、inacontextwhereacertainboyhasdonesomethingwrong(outofnaughtiness)、
(3)whenthesentenceisusedinpoetrytopersonalizetheword"idea"、
3、
(1)a、Inanentranceofapark、
b、Intherestroomofsomepublicplaceslikeanairport、
a、Peopleareforbiddentobringdogsintothepark、
b、Thisplaceisforadultstochangeinfantdiapers、
4、
(1)Herethespeakerwantstoexpresshiscomplaintthatthecouplearetalkingtooloudly(andtheimplicitrequestforthemtostoptalking)、
(2)Bysayingso,theyoungmanwantstoconveytheirrefusalto“my”request、
Thebackgroundknowledgeweneedisthatsinceitisusuallyimpolitetolistentootherpeople’privateconversation,itisnormalthat“I”can’thearaword(thusthecouplecancontinuetheirtalk)、
5、
(1)Thisnoticeimpliesthatallthosewhojumptheredlightareuncivilized,whateverthereason、
(2)讲卫生得人不会随便吐痰。
6、
(1)Thisisanadvertisementforaholidayinnanditsfoodissodeliciousthatitcanmakethecustomer’swifejealous、The“Frenchtoast”probablymeansatypeofspecialtyprovidedbythisholidayinn、
(2)C:
您去哪里?
吃饭了没?
E:
Howareyou?
How’severythinggoing?
7、
(1)Hemeanshedoesn’tspeakFrench、
(2)Russianmajorsdon’tspeakFrench、
(3)Yes、Ithelpstoindicateanegativeanswer、
8、
(1)a、Heuses“that”undertheassumptionthathismomknowswhichletterisbeingreferredto、
b、Heusesanimperativesentencetoaskhermothertoclosethewindow,whichisimpolite、
(2)Johnny:
Mom,PingPingiscomingtovisitusthisafternnoon、
Mother:
WhoisPingPing?
(3)Wang:
It’snotmyfault,isit?
Li:
Yes、
-----------------
Nativespeaker:
Hi,youlookgood、
Zhang:
Notgood,notgoodatall、
ExercisesTask3、
1、 whenwegetsomeonetodosomething,wetendtominimizetheefforttobeinvolved,butwhenwecomplainwetendtoexaggeratethecomplaint、Peoplewanttobepolitebymitigating(缓解,减轻,平静)theimposition,whichisface-threatening、
2、Thefirstimperativeisageneralgrammaticalform,butthesecond,thoughstillanimperative,canbeusedtosoundmorepolitebecauseoftheadditionof"willyou"
3、(intheoffice)
Boss:
Cometomyofficelater、
Clerk:
Yes,sir、
--------
(duringtheafternoontea)
Boss:
Howisyourdad,Tom?
Clerk:
He’sfine、Thanks,Pat、
4、Hewantstosuggestthathedidnotbreakthewindowbecausehewasengagedwith(?
)insomethingelseinotherplaces、
5、InthenovelTheCatcherintheRye,Holden,amiddleschoolstudentalwaysbreaksthepragmaticconventionsandinthatwayshowshisrebellion、
6、WhileweteachEnglishtoChinesestudents,wenotonlyimpartlinguisticinformation(phonetics,phonology,morphology,andsyntaxofEnglish)butalsopragmaticinformation(appropriateuseofEnglishindynamiccontext)、Forinstance,howwecanusethequestiontag(反了?
tagquestions)tosoundmoretentativeandbepolite、
Unit1
[Checkyourunderstanding]
1、f ThatistheviewheldbyJohnAustinintheearlystage、
2、f Implicitperformativeutterancesdonothaveaperformativeverb、
3、f
4、f Thecompletionoftheperlocutionaryactrequirestheaddressee’scooperation、
5、t
In-ClassActivities
1、
(1)Ifyou’veeversaid“Ipromise”or“Iapologize”,youhaveperformedthoseactionsbythesimpleactofsayingthem、But“Iknow”and“Ibelieve”aredeclarative、Sayingthemdoesnotbringaboutanyimmediatechangeinthebelieforknowledgeofthespeaker、
(2)a、Iwishyouagreatsuccess、
IadmitI’mwrong、
b、Imisunderstandyourpoint、
Iseewhatyoumean、
(3)Yes、Forexample,whenwesay“我在这里向您道歉”,weareperformingtheactofapologizing、(?
)
2、
(1)“Afullapology”heremeansawhollyperformativeutteranceofapologylike“WeapologizetotheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople”、Indeed,“sorry”isnotaperformativeverb、
(2)Tosomeextent,“sorry”canimplicitlyperformtheactofapology、
3、
(1)Thekidnapperintendstoperformtheactsofthreateningandrequiring、
(2)Hewantstomakehiswordssoundlikeanadviceinsteadofathreatening、
4、
(1)a、locutionaryact:
theactofverballysaying“Todayisnotafreeadmissionday”、
illocutionaryact:
itimplicitlyrequirespeopletopaytheadmissionfee、
perlocutionaryact:
peoplepaytheadmissionfee(ifatall)、
b、locutionaryact:
theactofverballysaying“Thankyouforyourgenerousdonationandyoursupport”、
illocutionaryact:
itimplicitlyurgespeopletodonate、
perlocutionaryact:
peopledonatemoney(ifatall)、
a' "Admissionfeerequiredtoday"
b’ "Weexpectyourgenerousdonationandyoursupport"
Thefirstischosentobelessimposing、Thesecondischosentoattractpeople’sdonation、
5、
(1)No,itisnotaverdictive、Itisjustanadvertisementfroms(a)hotelwhosenamehappenstobe“Jurys”、
(2)Theproprietorplaysagameofwordstoattractcustomers、
Exercises
Task3
1、
a、constative?
locution:
“Nosmokinginthisarea”、Illocution:
Forbiddingpeoplefromsmokinghere、Perlocution:
Peopledonotsmokehere、
b、constative、Locution:
“Ticketpassengersonly”、Illocution:
Askingpassengerstobuyticketsiftheywantto(enterthemuseum)、Perlocution:
Passengersbuyticketstoenterthemuseum、
c、constative、Locution:
“Tokenvendingmachine”、Illocution:
Informingthepublicofthefactthattheycanbuytokensthroughthismachine、Perlocution:
Peoplebuytokensthroughthismachine(ifatall)、
2、
Yes、Itsolvestheproblemthatconstativescanindeedberegardedasimplicitwaysofdoingthings、Thus,allutterancesare“performative”inessence、
Yes,Iagree、SupposeAsaidtoB“it’sstuffyhere”、TheactualeffectmaybethatAisunderstoodtobecomplaining,buttheintendedeffectisthatsomeoneshouldopenthewindoworthedooranditmaybringBtoperformtheactinsteadoflettinghimjustlistentoA’scomplaint、
3、
(1)a,
(2)a,and(3)aareperformativeutterancesandcanstandthetest“hereby”、However,in
(1)b,
(1)cand
(2)b,
(2)c,“know”,“think”,“amuse”and“flatter”arenotperformativeverbs、In(3)b,thethirdpersonsubjectisused、In(3)c,simplepasttenseisused、
4、Bothverdictivesandexertivesinvolveademonstrationofpowers,rights,orinfluence、However,verdictiveshavetheillocutionaryforceofissuingaformalorofficialjudgmentandgivingaverdict,whileexertivesinvolvemakingdecisionsinfavoroforagainstacertaincourseofaction,oradvocacyofit、
5、Theseutterancesarenottrueorfalse,thatis,nottruth-evaluable、Theutteringofthemonformaloccasionsisorispartofthedoingofacertainkindofaction,theperformanceofwhich,again,wouldnotnormallybedescribedasjust“saying”or“describing"something(cf、Austin1962,5)、
e、g、
“Thismeetingisnowadjourned、”
“Thecourtisnowinsession、”
“Thischurchisherebyde-sanctified、”批准,认可,使合法化
Unit2
[Checkyourunderstanding]
1、f Itiscriticizedaslackingcriteriaforclassification、
2、f Thehearerisheldresponsible、
3、f
4、t
5、f
In-ClassActivities
1、
(1)No,theyareessentiallydirectives、
(2) “您能帮我还书吗,谢谢哦。
”
“We’llbeverygratefulforyourpresence、”
(3)Becausetheyexpectotherpeople’scomplianceinsteadofrefusals、Onefeelsindebted感激得,受惠得,蒙恩得ifonedoesnotcomplywiththerequest、
2、
(1)Commissives
(2)Yes、Thesecondpromiseisachievedwithaconditionwhichmayturnthepromise(acommissive)intoarequirement(adirective)、
3、
(1)No、Utteranceaisathreat、Utterancebinvolvessomethingthatthespeakercannotxcontrol、Utterancecdescribessomethinginthepastratherthansomethingthatthespeakerwilldointhefuture、Utterancedinvolvesanactthatthehearerratherthanthespeakerwilldointhefuture、Utteranceehasathirdpersonasthesubject、Utterancefisastatementaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast、
(2)a、propositionalcontentcondition(whatissaidisaboutsomethingthatthespeakerhasdonewrongly);b、sinceritycondition(thespeakerisseriousorsincereinmakingtheapology;c、preparatoryconditions(e、g、thepersonwhoisapologizingshouldhavemademistakes)d、essentialcondition(bothsidesunderstandthatwhatthespeakersaysisanapology)、
Zhang:
这件事您不应这样处理得。
Li:
好嘛,算我错了行了吧。
[wherethespeakerisnotsincere]
4、
(1)Thecustomerwhenhesaysthereisaflyinmysoup(whichismeanttobeacomplaint)、
(2)Becausesayingthatcannormallyattractthewaiter’sattentionandthewaiterknowswhattodoinacontextlikethis、
Yes、Sometimes,wespeakindirectlytosaveourorothers’face、
(3)Yes,Iagreewithher、Hearingthecustomer’swords,thewaitermaynottakeitseriously(ifheisnotjoking)、
5、
(1)TheroleoftheunderlinedpartisexplainingthereasonoftherefusalsothatAndywillacceptJack’srefusalmorereadily、
Notnecessarily、Awhiteliealsodoesthesametrick、
(2)a、Callingonpeopletosavewater、
b、Denyingpeopletherighttoparkhere、
The“irrelevant”informationisusedto
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