短篇小说A Rose For EmilyA story for an hour 分析.docx
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短篇小说A Rose For EmilyA story for an hour 分析.docx
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短篇小说ARoseForEmilyAstoryforanhour分析
ARoseforEmily
Title
Faulknerdescribedthetitleas"anallegoricaltitle;themeaningwas,herewasawomanwhohashadatragedyandnothingcouldbedoneaboutit,andIpitiedherandthiswasasalute...toawomanyouwouldhandarose."
Themuch-anthologizedstoryisamongthemostwidelyreadandhighlypraisedofFaulkner’swork.BeyonditsluridappealandsomewhatGothicatmosphere,Faulkner’s“ghoststory,”asheoncecalledit,gesturestobroaderideas,includingthetensionsbetweenNorthandSouth,complexitiesofachangingworldorder,disappearingrealmsofgentilityandaristocracy,andrigidsocialconstraintsplacedonwomen.Ultimately,itisthestory’schillingportraitofaberrantpsychologyandnecrophiliathatdrawsreadersintothedank,dustyworldofEmilyGrierson.
StructureandStoryOverview
.......Faulknerdividesthestoryintofiveshortsections.ThefirstsectionreportsthefuneralandburialofEmilyandprovidesbackgroundonherhouse,herservant,andhertaxstatus.Thesecondsectionfocusesonafoulsmellcomingfromherhouse,theuseoflimebycityofficialstoneutralizeit,theinsanitythatrunsinEmily'sfamily,herfather'srefusaltoallowyoungmentocallonher,andthedeathandburialofherfather.ThethirdsectionintroducesaNortherner,HomerBarron,whocomestotownwithaconstructioncrewandtakesEmilyforbuggyrides.ItalsoreportsthatEmilybuysarsenicatthelocaldrugstore.Thefourthsectiontellsofthetownspeople'sbeliefthatEmilyissettingabadexamplebyregularlykeepingcompanywithHomerBarron.ItalsotellsofthedisappearanceofBarron,theyearswhenEmilyteacheschinapainting,andthedeathofEmily.ThefifthsectionreportsthehappeningsatEmily'sfuneralandagrotesquediscoveryinanupperroomofthehouse.
PointofView
.......Thetownspeopletellthestoryinfirst-personpointofview.Hereisanexampleofthenarrator'sfirst-personcommentary:
Wedidnotsayshewascrazythen.Webelievedshehadtodothat.Werememberedalltheyoungmenherfatherhaddrivenaway,andweknewthatwithnothingleft,shewouldhavetoclingtothatwhichhadrobbedher,aspeoplewill.
TypeofWork
......."ARoseforEmily"isashortstoryofGothichorrorandtragedy.ItpresentsaportraitofalonelyMississippiwomanwhosuccumbstomentalillnesswhilelivingreclusivelyaccordingtotheoutmodedtraditionsofOldSoutharistocrats.
.......Gothichorrorisagenreoffictionpresenting dark,mysterious,terrifyingeventsthattakeplaceinagloomyorghostlysetting.ThegenrederivesitsnamefromtheGothicarchitecturalstyleinEuropebetweenthetwelfthandsixteenthcenturies.Gothicstructuressuchascathedralsandcastlesfeaturedcavernousinteriorswithdeepshadows,gargoylesloomingonexteriorledges,andsoaringspiressuggestiveofasupernaturalpresence.WhenaGothichorrorstorytakesplaceintheAmericanSouthandcentersinpartonSouthernculturaltraditionsandcharactertypes,aswellasonarealisticratherthanromanticaccountofevents,scholarsoftencharacterizethestoryasSouthernGothic.
.......Tragedyisafictionalgenreaboutthedownfallorruinationofthemaincharacter.Inthisgenre,thesympathiesofthenarrator,reader,or—inthecaseofaplay—theaudienceoftenliewiththemaincharacterevenwhenheorshehascommittedanunspeakablecrimeorsin.Suchisthecasein"ARoseforEmily."
EmilyGrierson
Emilyistheclassicoutsider,controllingandlimitingthetown’saccesstohertrueidentitybyremaininghidden.ThehousethatshieldsEmilyfromtheworldsuggeststhemindofthewomanwhoinhabitsit:
shuttered,dusty,anddark.Theobjectofthetown’sintensescrutiny,Emilyisamutedandmysteriousfigure.Ononelevel,sheexhibitsthequalitiesofthestereotypicalsouthern“eccentric”:
unbalanced,excessivelytragic,andsubjecttobizarrebehavior.Emilyenforcesherownsenseoflawandconduct,suchaswhensherefusestopayhertaxesorstateherpurposeforbuyingthepoison.Emilyalsoskirtsthelawwhensherefusestohavenumbersattachedtoherhousewhenfederalmailserviceisinstituted.Herdismissalofthelaweventuallytakesonmoresinisterconsequences,asshetakesthelifeofthemanwhomsherefusestoallowtoabandonher.
ThenarratorportraysEmilyasamonument,butatthesametimesheispitiedandoftenirritating,demandingtolivelifeonherownterms.Thesubjectofgossipandspeculation,thetownspeopleclucktheirtonguesatthefactthatsheacceptsHomer’sattentionswithnofirmweddingplans.Aftershepurchasesthepoison,thetownspeopleconcludethatshewillkillherself.Emily’sinstabilities,however,leadherinadifferentdirection,andthefinalsceneofthestorysuggeststhatsheisanecrophiliac.Necrophiliatypicallymeansasexualattractiontodeadbodies.Inabroadersense,thetermalsodescribesapowerfuldesiretocontrolanother,usuallyinthecontextofaromanticordeeplypersonalrelationship.Necrophiliacstendtobesocontrollingintheirrelationshipsthattheyultimatelyresorttobondingwithunresponsiveentitieswithnoresistanceorwill—inotherwords,withdeadbodies.Mr.GriersoncontrolledEmily,andafterhisdeath,Emilytemporarilycontrolshimbyrefusingtogiveuphisdeadbody.SheultimatelytransfersthiscontroltoHomer,theobjectofheraffection.UnabletofindatraditionalwaytoexpressherdesiretopossessHomer,Emilytakeshislifetoachievetotalpoweroverhim.
HomerBarron
Homer,muchlikeEmily,isanoutsider,astrangerintownwhobecomesthesubjectofgossip.UnlikeEmily,however,Homerswoopsintotownbrimmingwithcharm,andheinitiallybecomesthecenterofattentionandtheobjectofaffection.SometownspeopledistrusthimbecauseheisbothaNortherneranddaylaborer,andhisSundayoutingswithEmilyareinmanywaysscandalous,becausethetownspeopleregardEmily—despitehereccentricities—asbeingfromahighersocialclass.Homer’sfailuretoproperlycourtandmarryEmilypromptsspeculationandsuspicion.HecarouseswithyoungermenattheElksClub,andthenarratorportrayshimaseitherahomosexualorsimplyaneternalbachelor,dedicatedtohissinglestatusanduninterestedinmarriage.Homersaysonlythatheis“notamarryingman.”
Astheforemanofacompanythathasarrivedintowntopavethesidewalks,HomerisanemblemoftheNorthandthechangesthatgriptheonceinsularandgenteelworldoftheSouth.Withhismachinery,Homerrepresentsmodernityandindustrialization,theforceofprogressthatisupendingtraditionalvaluesandprovokingresistanceandalarmamongtraditionalists.HomerbringsinnovationtotherapidlychangingworldofthisSoutherntown,whosenewleadersarethemselvespursuingmore“modern”ideas.ThechangethatHomerbringstoEmily’slife,asherfirstreallover,isequallyasprofoundandsealshisgrimfateasthevictimofherplantokeephimpermanentlybyherside.
Themes
TraditionversusChange
ThroughthemysteriousfigureofEmilyGrierson,Faulknerconveysthestrugglethatcomesfromtryingtomaintaintraditioninthefaceofwidespread,radicalchange.Jeffersonisatacrossroads,embracingamodern,morecommercialfuturewhilestillperchedontheedgeofthepast,fromthefadedgloryoftheGriersonhometothetowncemeterywhereanonymousCivilWarsoldiershavebeenlaidtorest.Emilyherselfisatradition,steadfastlystayingthesameovertheyearsdespitemanychangesinhercommunity.Sheisinmanywaysamixedblessing.Asalivingmonumenttothepast,sherepresentsthetraditionsthatpeoplewishtorespectandhonor;however,sheisalsoaburdenandentirelycutofffromtheoutsideworld,nursingeccentricitiesthatotherscannotunderstand.
Emilylivesinatimelessvacuumandworldofherownmaking.Refusingtohavemetallicnumbersaffixedtothesideofherhousewhenthetownreceivesmodernmailservice,sheisoutoftouchwiththerealitythatconstantlythreatenstobreakthroughhercarefullysealedperimeters.Garagesandcottonginshavereplacedthegrandantebellumhomes.ThealdermentrytobreakwiththeunofficialagreementabouttaxesonceforgedbetweenColonelSartorisandEmily.ThisnewandyoungergenerationofleadersbringsinHomer’scompanytopavethesidewalks.AlthoughJeffersonstillhighlyregardstraditionalnotionsofhonorandreputation,thenarratoriscriticaloftheoldmenintheirConfederateuniformswhogatherforEmily’sfuneral.Forthemasforher,timeisrelative.Thepastisnotafaintglimmerbutanever-present,idealizedrealm.Emily’smacabrebridalchamberisanextremeattempttostoptimeandpreventchange,althoughdoingsocomesattheexpenseofhumanlife.
ThePowerofDeath
Deathhangsover“ARoseforEmily,”fromthenarrator’smentionofEmily’sdeathatthebeginningofthestorythroughthedescriptionofEmily’sdeath-hauntedlifetothefounderingoftraditioninthefaceofmodernchanges.Ineverycase,deathprevailsovereveryattempttomasterit.Emily,afixtureinthecommunity,givesintodeathslowly.Thenarratorcompareshertoadrownedwoman,abloatedandpalefigurelefttoolonginthewater.Inthesamedescription,hereferstohersmall,spareskeleton—sheispracticallydeadonherfeet.EmilystandsasanemblemoftheOldSouth,agrandladywhoserespectabilityandcharmrapidlydeclinethroughtheyears,muchliketheoutdatedsensibilitiestheGriersonsrepresent.Thedeathoftheoldsocialorderwillprevail,despitemanytownspeople’sattemptstostaytruetotheoldways.
Emilyattemptstoexertpoweroverdeathbydenyingthefactofdeathitse
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