国际贸易马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定英文本.docx
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国际贸易马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定英文本.docx
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国际贸易马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定英文本
(国际贸易)2020年马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定(英文本)
(国际贸易)2020年马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定(英文本)
URUGUAYROUNDAGREEMENT
MarrakeshAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganization
FROM:
http:
///english/docs_e/legal_e/04-wto_e.htm
ThePartiestothisAgreement,
Recognizingthattheirrelationsinthefieldoftradeandeconomicendeavourshouldbeconductedwithaviewtoraisingstandardsofliving,ensuringfullemploymentandalargeandsteadilygrowingvolumeofrealincomeandeffectivedemand,andexpandingtheproductionofandtradeingoodsandservices,whileallowingfortheoptimaluseoftheworld’sresourcesinaccordancewiththeobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment,seekingbothtoprotectandpreservetheenvironmentandtoenhancethemeansfordoingsoinamannerconsistentwiththeirrespectiveneedsandconcernsatdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopment,
Recognizingfurtherthatthereisneedforpositiveeffortsdesignedtoensurethatdevelopingcountries,andespeciallytheleastdevelopedamongthem,secureashareinthegrowthininternationaltradecommensuratewiththeneedsoftheireconomicdevelopment,
Beingdesirousofcontributingtotheseobjectivesbyenteringintoreciprocalandmutuallyadvantageousarrangementsdirectedtothesubstantialreductionoftariffsandotherbarrierstotradeandtotheeliminationofdiscriminatorytreatmentininternationaltraderelations,
Resolved,therefore,todevelopanintegrated,moreviableanddurablemultilateraltradingsystemencompassingtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,theresultsofpasttradeliberalizationefforts,andalloftheresultsoftheUruguayRoundofMultilateralTradeNegotiations,
Determinedtopreservethebasicprinciplesandtofurthertheobjectivesunderlyingthismultilateraltradingsystem,
Agreeasfollows:
ArticleIbacktotop
EstablishmentoftheOrganization
TheWorldTradeOrganization(hereinafterreferredtoas“theWTO”)isherebyestablished.
ArticleIIbacktotop
ScopeoftheWTO
1. TheWTOshallprovidethecommoninstitutionalframeworkfortheconductoftraderelationsamongitsMembersinmattersrelatedtotheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedintheAnnexestothisAgreement.
2. TheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedinAnnexes1,2and3(hereinafterreferredtoas“MultilateralTradeAgreements”)areintegralpartsofthisAgreement,bindingonallMembers.
3. TheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedinAnnex4(hereinafterreferredtoas“PlurilateralTradeAgreements”)arealsopartofthisAgreementforthoseMembersthathaveacceptedthem,andarebindingonthoseMembers.ThePlurilateralTradeAgreementsdonotcreateeitherobligationsorrightsforMembersthathavenotacceptedthem.
4. TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade1994asspecifiedinAnnex1A(hereinafterreferredtoas“GATT1994”)islegallydistinctfromtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,dated30October1947,annexedtotheFinalActAdoptedattheConclusionoftheSecondSessionofthePreparatoryCommitteeoftheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandEmployment,assubsequentlyrectified,amendedormodified(hereinafterreferredtoas“GATT1947”).
ArticleIIIbacktotop
FunctionsoftheWTO
1. TheWTOshallfacilitatetheimplementation,administrationandoperation,andfurthertheobjectives,ofthisAgreementandoftheMultilateralTradeAgreements,andshallalsoprovidetheframeworkfortheimplementation,administrationandoperationofthePlurilateralTradeAgreements.
2. TheWTOshallprovidetheforumfornegotiationsamongitsMembersconcerningtheirmultilateraltraderelationsinmattersdealtwithundertheagreementsintheAnnexestothisAgreement.TheWTOmayalsoprovideaforumforfurthernegotiationsamongitsMembersconcerningtheirmultilateraltraderelations,andaframeworkfortheimplementationoftheresultsofsuchnegotiations,asmaybedecidedbytheMinisterialConference.
3. TheWTOshalladministertheUnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputes(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“DisputeSettlementUnderstanding”or“DSU”)inAnnex2tothisAgreement.
4. TheWTOshalladministertheTradePolicyReviewMechanism(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“TPRM”)providedforinAnnex3tothisAgreement.
5. Withaviewtoachievinggreatercoherenceinglobaleconomicpolicy-making,theWTOshallcooperate,asappropriate,withtheInternationalMonetaryFundandwiththeInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopmentanditsaffiliatedagencies.
ArticleIVbacktotop
StructureoftheWTO
1. ThereshallbeaMinisterialConferencecomposedofrepresentativesofalltheMembers,whichshallmeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.TheMinisterialConferenceshallcarryoutthefunctionsoftheWTOandtakeactionsnecessarytothiseffect.TheMinisterialConferenceshallhavetheauthoritytotakedecisionsonallmattersunderanyoftheMultilateralTradeAgreements,ifsorequestedbyaMember,inaccordancewiththespecificrequirementsfordecision-makinginthisAgreementandintherelevantMultilateralTradeAgreement.
2. ThereshallbeaGeneralCouncilcomposedofrepresentativesofalltheMembers,whichshallmeetasappropriate.IntheintervalsbetweenmeetingsoftheMinisterialConference,itsfunctionsshallbeconductedbytheGeneralCouncil.TheGeneralCouncilshallalsocarryoutthefunctionsassignedtoitbythisAgreement.TheGeneralCouncilshallestablishitsrulesofprocedureandapprovetherulesofprocedurefortheCommitteesprovidedforinparagraph7.
3. TheGeneralCouncilshallconveneasappropriatetodischargetheresponsibilitiesoftheDisputeSettlementBodyprovidedforintheDisputeSettlementUnderstanding.TheDisputeSettlementBodymayhaveitsownchairmanandshallestablishsuchrulesofprocedureasitdeemsnecessaryforthefulfilmentofthoseresponsibilities.
4. TheGeneralCouncilshallconveneasappropriatetodischargetheresponsibilitiesoftheTradePolicyReviewBodyprovidedforintheTPRM.TheTradePolicyReviewBodymayhaveitsownchairmanandshallestablishsuchrulesofprocedureasitdeemsnecessaryforthefulfilmentofthoseresponsibilities.
5. ThereshallbeaCouncilforTradeinGoods,aCouncilforTradeinServicesandaCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“CouncilforTRIPS”),whichshalloperateunderthegeneralguidanceoftheGeneralCouncil.TheCouncilforTradeinGoodsshalloverseethefunctioningoftheMultilateralTradeAgreementsinAnnex1A.TheCouncilforTradeinServicesshalloverseethefunctioningoftheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices(hereinafterreferredtoas“GATS”).TheCouncilforTRIPSshalloverseethefunctioningoftheAgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“AgreementonTRIPS”).TheseCouncilsshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothembytheirrespectiveagreementsandbytheGeneralCouncil.TheyshallestablishtheirrespectiverulesofproceduresubjecttotheapprovaloftheGeneralCouncil.MembershipintheseCouncilsshallbeopentorepresentativesofallMembers.TheseCouncilsshallmeetasnecessarytocarryouttheirfunctions.
6. TheCouncilforTradeinGoods,theCouncilforTradeinServicesandtheCouncilforTRIPSshallestablishsubsidiarybodiesasrequired.ThesesubsidiarybodiesshallestablishtheirrespectiverulesofproceduresubjecttotheapprovaloftheirrespectiveCouncils.
7. TheMinisterialConferenceshallestablishaCommitteeonTradeandDevelopment,aCommitteeonBalance-of-PaymentsRestrictionsandaCommitteeonBudget,FinanceandAdministration,whichshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothembythisAgreementandbytheMultilateralTradeAgreements,andanyadditionalfunctionsassignedtothembytheGeneralCouncil,andmayestablishsuchadditionalCommitteeswithsuchfunctionsasitmaydeemappropriate.Aspartofitsfunctions,theCommitteeonTradeandDevelopmentshallperiodicallyreviewthespecialprovisionsintheMultilateralTradeAgreementsinfavouroftheleast-developedcountryMembersandreporttotheGeneralCouncilforappropriateaction.MembershipintheseCommitteesshallbeopentorepresentativesofallMembers.
8. ThebodiesprovidedforunderthePlurilateralTradeAgreementsshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothemunderthoseAgreementsandshalloperatewithintheinstitutionalframeworkoftheWTO.ThesebodiesshallkeeptheGeneralCouncilinformedoftheiractivitiesonaregularbasis.
ArticleVbacktotop
RelationswithOtherOrganizations
1. TheGeneralCouncilshallmakeappropriatearrangementsforeffectivecooperationwithotherintergovernmentalorganizationsthathaveresponsibilitiesrelatedtothoseoftheWTO.
2. TheGeneralCouncilmaymakeappropriatearrangementsforconsultationandcooperationwithnon-governmentalorganizationsconcernedwithmattersrelatedtothoseoftheWTO.
ArticleVIbacktotop
TheSecretariat
1. ThereshallbeaSecretariatoftheWTO(hereinafterreferredtoas“theSecretariat”)headedbyaDirector-General.
2. TheMinisterialConferenceshallappointtheDirector-Generalandadoptregulationssettingoutthepowers,duties,conditionsofserviceandtermofofficeoftheDirector-General.
3. TheDirector-GeneralshallappointthemembersofthestaffoftheSecretariatanddeterminetheirdutiesandconditionsofserviceinaccordancewithregulatio
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