名词可数名词和不可数名词.docx
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名词可数名词和不可数名词.docx
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名词可数名词和不可数名词
名词(可数名词和不可数名词)
————————————————————————————————作者:
————————————————————————————————日期:
专题一名词
主要考查三个方面:
1、联系上下文,考查同义词、近义词辨析;
2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词
组的意义和用法;
3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。
◆名词的数
规则名词的复数形式
规则
读音
例子
1
一般情况在词尾加s
在清辅音后读/s/
在元音及浊辅音后读/z/
map—_____ sea—______ girl—______
day—_____ apple—_______
规则
读音
例子
2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加es
es一般读作/iz/
class—________box-_______
watch—________brush(刷子)-_______
3
以f或fe结尾的名词变f和fe为v再加es
ves一般读作/vz/
leaf—(叶子)_______ thief(小偷)—_______
knife—_______ wife(妻子)—_______
规则
读音
例子
4
以y结尾的名词
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es
(e)s一般读作/iz/
family—_______ party—_______
story—_______ city—________
以元音字母+y结尾的名词+s
s一般读作/z/
toy—______ boy—______ day—______
5.以o结尾的名词
有生命的一般加-es
hero—_______potato—_______tomato—_______
无生命的一般加-s
piano—_______radio—_______
zoo—_______photo—_______
可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元
音字母或其他变
化形式
man—_______woman—_______
foot—_______tooth—_______goose—_______
特殊:
child—_______mouse—_______
2
单复数同形
sheep—_______deer—_______
3
只有复数形式
trousersclotheschopsticks
glasses(眼镜)goods(商品)
4
一些集体名词用
作复数
peoplepolicecattle(牛)staff(全体职员)
规则
例词
5
表示“某国人”变复数
加-s
American—_______German—_______
European—_______
单复数同形
Chinese—_______Japanese—_______
以-man或
-woman结尾的改为-men或-women
Englishman—_______
Frenchwoman—_______
记忆口诀:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面
常见的不可数名词
类别
例词
物质名词
液体
orange橙汁milk牛奶water水
wine酒juice果汁tea茶
coffee咖啡soup汤oil油
食物
bread面包meat肉cheese奶酪
自然物体
soil土壤sand沙子wood木头
类别
例词
抽象
名词
情感
joy高兴 friendship友谊 peace和平
学科
math数学geography地理
physics物理chemistry化学
概念
advice建议information信息news消息
time时间money金钱 population人口
knowledge知识 music音乐
不可数名词的量化
具体的量
数词+量词+of+不可数名词
twobottlesoforange
大概的量
表示量的限定词+不可数名词
somegoodpiecesofnews
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示:
ablockof一块;abottleof一瓶agroupof一群;
apileof一堆apairof一组/双/对;apieceof一片/张/块
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
单词
词义
可数名词
不可数名词
fish
鱼,鱼类(条数,种类)
(复数形式:
fish)
鱼肉
room
房间aroom
空间
glass
玻璃杯aglass;眼镜(glasses)
玻璃
time
次数,倍数threetimes
时间
experience
经历anexperience
经验
单词
词义
可数名词
不可数名词
work
作品awork
工作
water
水域(waters)
水
orange
橘子(oranges)
橘子汁
food
食物种类
食物
【2016广东】
Thebroken______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit,youshouldbecareful.
A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles
【2016广西来宾】
—Therearemany____aboutthisfarm.
—Yes,lotsof____areplantedonit.
A.photo;potatoB.photos;potatos
C.photos;potatoesD.photoes;potatoes
1.Helpyourselftosome_______.Therearelotsofvitaminsinthem.
A.tomatoB.tomatoesC.tomatosD.potatos
2.ifyoutakeaplane,youcannottake______ontotheplanewithyou.
A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.aknives
3.The_______havecaughtthetwo_______already.
A.policeman;thiefB.policemen;thiefsC.policemen;thievesD.policeman;thieves
【2016重庆】It’ssportstime.MoststudentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.
A.boyB.boysC.boy’sD.boys’
【2015攀枝花】Allthearefrom.
A.mendoctors;GermanyB.mendoctors;German
C.mandoctors;GermanyD.mandoctor;German
【2015广安】
—Howmanycanyouseeinthepicture?
—Two.
A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep
【2015天河】
—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
—,please.
A.TwobottleoforangeB.Twobottleoforanges
C.TwobottlesoforangeD.Twobottlesoforanges
◆名词所有格
◆’s所有格
使用场合与构成方法
例子
1
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather
2
复数
名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room
不规则复数名词后加’s
Children’sDay
3
表示各有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Jane’sandMary’sbikes(两人各有)
表示共有关系时,在最后一词末加’s
JaneandMary’sbike(两人共有)
◆of所有格
“名词+of+名词”表示物体所属关系。
使用场合与构成方法
例子
多用在无生命事物名词前
amapofChinathelegsofthechair
也可用于表示人和其他有生
命的名词,一般用在名词定语较长的时候
Doyouknowthenameofthe
boysittinginbed?
注意
thestoryofSunYang=SunYang’sstory孙杨的故事
◆双重所有格
①of+名词所有格
Lucyisafriendofmysister’s.
露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。
②of+名词性物主代词
apictureofherson’s她儿子的一张照片
(属于儿子所有,但照片中的人不一定就她儿子)
③由“数词+名词”构成的合成名词作定语时,其所有格一般用名词的单数形式,注意中间有连字符“-”。
atwo-dayholiday两天的假期
a200-metre-wideriver一条200米宽的河
④少数名词使用的固定搭配(to所有格)
thewaytothebankthekeytothedoor
theanswertothequestion
【2016山东东营】
—Areyousurethisisaphoto,thefamouscomedyactress?
—Itsurprisedyou,didn’tit?
Butshewasoncereallythin.
A.JiaLingB.JiaLing’sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing’s
【2015武威】
_____motherscan’tgotoparents’meetingbecausetheyaretoobusy.
A.Jack’sandPaulB.Jack’sandPaul’s
C.JackandPaul’sD.JackandPaul
【2014广东】
Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_____Day.
A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s
【2015黑龙江】—Whoseroomisthis?
Isitthe?
—Yes,itis.
A.twins’;TomandTim’sB.twin’s;Tom’sandTim’s
C.twins’;TomandTim
【2015临沂】Ilivenearthestation.It’sonlyaboutfive————walk.
A.minute’sB.minute
C.minutes’D.minutes
1.______schoolisquitenearthebusstation.
A.TedandTom’sB.Ted’sandTom’sC.TedandTomD.TedandToms’
2.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingsoccerthere?
Certainly.Heisafriendofmy_______.
A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’sD.brothers’s
Readingtime
A GREedy dog went into a butcher’s shop and stolea big juicy bone. He ran away so fast that thebutcher could not catch him. He ran out into thefields with his bone. He was going to eat it all byhimself.
the dog came to a stream. There was a narrowbridge across it. The dog walked on to the bridge, and looked into the water. He could seeanother dog with a big bone in his mouth.
the GREedy dog thought the bone in the water looked much bigger than the one he had stolenfrom the butcher.
the GREedy dog dropped the bone from his mouth. It fell into the water and was lost. Hejumped into the water to snatch the bigger bone from the other dog.
the GREedy dog jumped into the water with a big splash. He looked everywhere but he couldnot see the other dog. His shadow had gone.
the silly dog went home hungry. He lost his bone and got nothing because he had been tooGREedy.
LionwasawakenedfromsleepbyaMouserunningoverhisface.Risingupinanger,hecaughthimandwasabouttokillhim,whentheMousepiteouslyentreated,saying:
"Ifyouwouldonlysparemylife,Iwouldbesuretorepayyourkindness."TheLionlaughedandlethimgo.
IthappenedshortlyafterthisthattheLionwascaughtbysomehunters,whoboundhimbystrongropestotheground.TheMouse,recognizinghisroar,cameup,andgnawedtheropewithhisteeth,andsettinghimfree,exclaimed:
"Youridiculedtheideaofmyeverbeingabletohelpyou,notexpectingtoreceivefrommeanyrepaymentofyourfavour;butnowyouknowthatitispossibleforevenaMousetoconferbenefitsonaLion."
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- 名词 可数 不可数