语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版.docx
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语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版.docx
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语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版
语言学复习习题集
PartOneExercisesforPhonetics
I.Fillintheblanks
1.________phoneticsstudiesthemovementofthevocalorgansofproducingthesoundsofspeech.
2:
Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe_________comingfromthelungs.
3.Consonantsoundscanbeeither_________or_________,whileallvowelsoundsare_________.
4.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing_________..
5.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe_________andthetips.
6.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe_________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.
7.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout_________.
8.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail-veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/_________.
9.InEnglishthereareanumberof_________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.
10_________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbours.
11._________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.
12.Accordingto_________,whenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.
II.Choosethebestanswer.
13.Pitchvariationisknownas_________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonationB.tone
C.pronunciationD.voice
14.Conventionallya_________isputinslashes.
A.allophoneB.phone
C.phonemeD.morpheme
15.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare_________ofthepphoneme.
A.analoguesB.tagmemes
C.morphemesD.allophones
16.'Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas_________.
A.gottisB.vocalcavity
C.pharynxD.uvula
17.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas_________diphthongs.
A.wideB.closing
C.narrowD.centering
18.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs
G.phonesD.allophones
19.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics.B.Articulatoryphonetics.
C.Auditoryphonetics.D.Neitherofthem.
20.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?
A.[z]B.[w]
C.[?
]D.[v]
21.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]C.[1]
B.[m]D.[P]
22.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]B.[u]
C.[e]D.[i]
23.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.VoicelessB.Voiced
C.GlottalstopD.Consonant
24.Whichconsonantrepresentsthefollowingdescription:
voicelesslabiodentalfricative?
A.[f]B.[?
]
C.[z]D.[s]
III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].–
______25.Ofthethreephoneticsbranches,thelongestestablishedone,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.–
______26.Sound[p]intheword"spit"isanunaspiratedstop.
______27.Supersegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
______28.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
______29.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheother.
______30.[p]isvoicedbilabialstop.
______31.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
______32.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
______33.Whenpureormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.
______34.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.
______35.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.
______36.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastoiswheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
Explainthefollowingterms.
37.Minimalpair38.Soundassimilation
39.Suprasegmentalfeature40.Freevariation
41.Roundedvowel42.Pitch
43.Vowelglides44.Anticipatorycoarticulation
45.Allophones46.Complementarydistribution
47.Distinctivefeatures48.Sonorityscale
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.
49.Whatismeantbyphonetictranscription?
50.Inwhichtwowaysmayconsonantsbeclassified?
Keys
I.Fillintheblanks.
1.Articulatory2.airstrem3.voiced;voiceless;voiced
4.friction5.tongue6.height
7.obstruction8.minimalpairs9.diphthongs
10.Coarticulation11.Phonemes12.themaximalonsetprinciple
II.Choosethebestanswer.
13.A14.C15.D16.A17.A18.D
19.B20.B21.A22.B23.B24.A
III.DecidewhethertheMowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].
35.[F]Itshouldbearticulatoryphonetics.
26.[T]27.[T]28.[T]29.[T]
30.[F]Itisavoicelessbilabialstop.
31.[F]Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.
32.[T]33.[T]34.[T]
35.[F]InmanycasesthepronunciationofEnglishdependsonindividualspeaker'saccentandpersonalpreference.However,oneformofEnglishpronunciationisthemostcommonmodelaccentintheteachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ItiscalledReceivedPronunciation.
36.[F]Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.
PartTwoExercisesforMorphology
Exercises
I.Fillintheblanks.
1.Takeisthe______oftaking,takenandtook.
2.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes;______and______root.
3.An______ispronouncedletterbyletter,whilean______ispronouncedasaword.
4.Lexicon,inmostcases,issynonymouswith______.
5.Orthographically,compoundsarewritteninthreeways:
______,______and______
6.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot______.
7.Asnailsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongsto______,class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto______class.
8.______isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessof______
shortening.
9.______isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.
10.Wordsaredividedintosimple,compoundandderivedwordsonthe______level.
11.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda______,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda______.(derivative;compound)
12..
II.Choosethebestanswer.
13.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas______.
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords
C.functionwordsD.formwords
14.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled______morpheme.
A.inflectionalB.free
C.boundD.derivational
15.Thereare______morphemesintheworddenationalization?
A.threeB.four
C.fiveD.six
16.InEnglish-iseand-tionarecalled______.
A.prefixesB.suffixes
C.infixesD.freemorphemes
17.Morphologyisgenerallydividedintotwofields:
thestudyofword-formationand______.
A.affixationB.etymology?
(46)?
C.inflectionD.root
18.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:
prefix,suffixand_________.
A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix
C.infixD.back-formation
19._________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.
A.AffixationB.back-formation
C.InsertionD.Addition
20.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof_________.
A.acronymyB.clippingDmation
C.imitialismD.acronymy
21.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffixword"learned"isknownasa(n)_________.
A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorpheme
C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform
22.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby_______.
A.blendingB.clipping
C.backformationD.acronymy
23.The.stemofdisagreementsis_________.
A.agreementB.agree
C.disagreeD.disagreement
24.Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor_______.
A.lexemeB.phoneme
C.morphemeD.allomorph
F.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].–
______25.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.
_______26.Foreasinforetellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme.
_______27.Basereferstothepartofwordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffixesareremoved.
_______28.Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.
_______29.Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofconversion.
_______30.Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.
_______31.Theword;whimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatop-(eia).
_______32.Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorresp
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