黑龙江省哈尔滨市九年级英语全册教师辅导讲义名词性从句人教新目标版.docx
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黑龙江省哈尔滨市九年级英语全册教师辅导讲义名词性从句人教新目标版.docx
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黑龙江省哈尔滨市九年级英语全册教师辅导讲义名词性从句人教新目标版
名词性从句
教学内容
一、同步引入
Whateverwillbe,willbe世事皆有规律,顺其自然。
这个句子是英语中的名言,那么我们来分析一下这个句子。
二、同步精讲
主语从句
1.定义:
主语从句:
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句例如:
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2. 连接词的选用
(1)that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。
what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当某些成分,可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。
而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,无词义,只起连接词作用如:
What he wants is a book.
他想要的是一本书
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
众所周知,光线沿直线运行
(2)if和whether的选用
引导主语从句,不能用if,只能用whether。
如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定
(3)其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义,正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词,这些连接词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分如:
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别
(4)whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。
它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。
要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别如:
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句)
(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. )
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)
(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. )
3. it构成的主语从句
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面,而用代词it作形式主语。
如:
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
【拓展延伸】
需要注意的是,it作形式主语代替主语从句时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。
试比较:
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. (主语从句,有that,无逗号)
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.
(定语从句,无that,有逗号)
上两句意为“据报道,美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”
(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…)that…如:
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了
It is necessary (clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely…)that…
需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”,如:
It is necessary that you (should)master the computer.
你很有必要掌握电脑
It is important that a student learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要
It’s clear that they badly need help.
很明显,他们急需援助
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓风很可能马上就要到达了。
It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…)that…如:
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了
It seems (happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / …)that …如:
It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
三、巩固训练
1.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
2.Itwas______hesaid______disappointedme.
A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what
3.______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
4.______hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
5.______wastoreturntoschool.
A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.Whatreallyinterestedhim
C.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally
6.______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
7._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.
A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How
8.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
AIfBWhether
CThatDWhere
9.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.
A.whetherB.that
C.whatD.when
10.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.
A.isB.areC.hasDhave
11.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
12.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
13._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
14._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?
A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have
15.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but____mattersmuchis____helives.
A.how;what;howB.how;it;how
C.why;it;whyD.that;what;that
1-10DABABCABBA11-15DBDBA
四、小结回顾
都有哪些连接词可以用于引导主语从句
一、同步引入
Rememberwhatshouldberemembered,andforgetwhatshouldbeforgotten.Alterwhatischangeable,andacceptwhatismutable.
记住该记住的,忘记该忘记的。
改变能改变的,接受不能改变的。
同样又是一条警句,而这句就成了宾语从句。
二、同步精讲
宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:
连接词、语序和时态。
宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语
作动词的宾语:
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:
that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词:
who, whose, what ,which 副词:
when ,where, how, why 等。
连词:
He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
Attention:
宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:
unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
在以下情况中that不能省略
当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
当it作形式宾语时 例句:
She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.
许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
、当宾语从句前置时
That our team will win,I believe.
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。
如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.=
I don't know whether or not he does any washing.
我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
③在不定式前用whether。
如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:
If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我 只能用if不能用whether
引导的宾语从句
if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
He talks as if he has known all about it.
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是:
see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
连接代词:
who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么?
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词有:
when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?
四.宾语从句的时态
时态:
1、 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:
The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、 主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:
She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3、 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般
现在时态。
例句:
The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、巩固训练
1.He'll do his best ______ (learn)a foreign language well.
2.She isn't old enough ______ (join)the army.
3.It's time for us ______ (go)to school.
4.I'm sorry ______ (hear)that.
5.The runner fell and hurt his left leg but he quickly got up and went on ______ (run).
6.How about ______ (skate)this afternoon?
7.What about the ______ (sleep)pills I gave you?
.
8.Are you good at ______ (swim)?
9.We are all interested i
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