浅谈英语新闻标题的翻译.docx
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浅谈英语新闻标题的翻译.docx
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浅谈英语新闻标题的翻译
浅谈英语新闻标题的翻译
来源:
岁月联盟作者:
李清时间:
2010-10-06
【Abstract】ThisdissertationfocusesonintroducingsometranslatingskillsaccordingtothefeaturesofEnglishnewsheadline.First,itisabouttranslationoflexicalitemsinEnglishnewsheadline,includingtranslationofacronym,newwordsandmidgetwords.Asforthelimitationofnewspaperspace,lexicalitemsarecommonlyusedinheadlinesothispartisregardedtobeessentialandcriticalforthedissertation.Second,thepaperdiscussestranslationofproperpunctuationsnotallpunctuationsareusedinnewsheadline.Thispartmainlyintroducessometranslatingtechniquesoffrequentlyusedonessuchascomma,colon,anddashandsoon.Third,thetranslationofrhetoricaldevicesisthehighlightofthispaper.Newsheadlineisquitelikelytoproducestrikingeffectbymeansoffigureofspeech.ItcouldbetranslatedliterallyatthemostoftimeandsometimesitshouldbetranslatedflexiblyforthedifferentculturebackgroundsbetweenchinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.Finally,thispartfocusesonthetranslationintermsofthegrammarfeaturesofnewsheadlinewhichoftendifferfromonesweusuallyaccept,suchastheomissionofarticles,auxiliaryverbs,conjunctionsandflexibleuseoftense,voiceandnon-predicateverbs.
【KeyWords】translation;Newsheadline;English
【摘要】本文结合新闻标题的主要特点,通过具体的例子,介绍了英语新闻标题的翻译技巧.首先是英语新闻标题中词语(包括首字母缩略语、新词、小词)的译法.报纸有限的空间使得新闻标题常用词语来表达,因此词语的译法是的一个重要组成部分,其次是关于某些在新闻标题中常用的标点符号所代表的意思的翻译.再者,新闻标题中修辞手法的翻译是论文的重点,新闻标题经常借助各种修辞来增强其表达效果,大多数情况下可采用直译,但由于中英国家不同的文化背景,必要事需要采取灵活的翻译技巧.最后,值得注意的是,英语新闻标题的一些语法特征不同于我们平常所接受的语法特点,新闻标题经常省略冠词、连词、助动词等一些虚词,其时态、语法及非谓语动词的使用也十分灵活.
【关键词】翻译;新闻标题;英语
1.Introduction
Atatimewhenthepaceoflifeisgettingfasterandfaster,everythingseemstobebiddingforpeople’sattention,andnewspaperisnoexception.Astheeyeofthenews,headlinesitsinapositiontocapturetheessenceoftheevent,demonstratethereadabilityofthenewsandattractreaders’attention.Agoodheadline,generallyspeaking,shouldincludesuchfeaturesasaccuracy,brevityandclaritywhicharegenerallydevelopedbylexicalitems,punctuation,rhetoricaldevices,andgrammar.Putitindetail,first,asforwordsselection,suchitemsasacronym,newwordsandmidgetwordsarecommonlychosenfortheheadline.Second,notallpunctuationscouldappearinheadline,andthefrequentlyusedoneslikecomma,colon,anddashalsoindicatespecificmeaningoftheheadline.Third,inordertoleadforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreateatmosphere,headlineisusuallywrittenfiguratively.Finally,thelimitedspaceofnewspaperdemandsthatheadlinebeconciseandbrief,andthereforeithasdevelopeditsowngrammaticalstyle.ThemajordifferenceofthegrammarrulesusedfordailyEnglishandnewsheadlinesliesinthefrequentomissionoffunctionwords(article,auxiliaryverbs,conjunctionsandsoon),anduniquepracticeoftense,voiceandnon-predicateverbs.SuchfeaturesofEnglishnewsheadlineasmentionedaboveareessentialandcriticalforreaderstounderstandtheconnotationofnewsheadline,andalsoarethedifficultiesandproblemsneededsettlingintranslatingEnglishnewsheadline.ThisessayfocusesonintroducingsomecorrespondenttranslatingtechniqueswiththesefeaturesofEnglishnewsheadline.
2.TranslationoflexicalitemsinEnglishnewsheadline
2.1.Translationofacronym
Acronym(wordformedfromtheinitiallettersofagroupofwords)isonemainformofEnglishnewstitle’sglossaryvariation.Sincenewspapersarelimitedintimeandspace,acronymmeetstheneed,savingthespaceofnewspaper.Thischapterattemptstodiscusssomeskillsintranslatingacronym.
2.1.1.Translateaccordingtoitspronunciation
Forexample:
(1)OPEC22ndSessionEnds
(OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织,即欧佩克)
---欧佩克第二届会议结束
(2)AIDS---TheRisktoHeterosexual
(AIDS=AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome艾滋病,即后天免疫缺损综合症)
---艾滋病危及异性恋爱者
2.1.2.Translatingandshorteningthefullname
Forexample:
(1)NATOtoSeekNewSecretaryGeneral
(NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织,简称北约)
---北约寻求新任秘书长
(2)USSRDissolves,MikhailCorbachevResigns:
BorisYeltsinTakesover
(USSR=UnionofSovietSocialistRepublics苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟,简称苏联)
---苏联解体,戈尔巴乔夫辞职,叶利钦上台
2.1.3.Explainingallletters
Inviewofthefactthatnotallacronymscanbetranslatedaccordingtothepronunciation;otherwisereaderswouldbeconfused.Thetranslatorhadbetterpointoutthemeaningofallletters.
Itcanbeclearlyseeninthebelowexamples:
(1)BBCConsideringStartingGlobalTelevisionService
(BBC=BritishBroadcastingCorporation)
---英国广播公司拟开通全球电视服务
(2)PLOSaysIsraeliDriveahead
(PLO=PalestineLiberationOrganization)
---巴勒斯坦解放组织说以色列即将大举进攻
(3)STARTAnnouncedtoBeginJune29
(START=StrategicArmsReductionsTalks)
---裁减战略武器会谈于六月而十九日开始
(4)36thWTTCtriumphantlyclosesinYugoslavia.
(WTTC=WorldTableTennisChampionships)
---第三十六届世界乒乓球锦标赛在南斯拉夫胜利闭幕
(5)GovernmentIsCoveringupUFOEvidence?
(UFO=UnidentifiedFlyingObject)
---美政府一直隐瞒不明飞行物真相?
(6)HollywoodHelpsCIAComeinFromtheCold
(CIA=CentralIntelligenceAgency)
---好莱坞为中央情报局重塑形象
2.2.TranslationofnewwordsinEnglishnewsheadline
Asscienceandtechnologyoftheworldswiftlydevelop,thecontactamongcountriesincreasinglyexpands,moreandmorenewEnglishwordsareborntotheworld.Inordertodrawclosetothesociallife,graspthetimespulse,newsreportneedtocreatemassivenewwordstoreflecttheworld’snewthings,newthoughts,newphenomenonandnewprevailingcustomstoattractreaders’attention.“Thiskindofwordsmaybedividedintotwotypes:
oneistogiveoldwordsnewmeaning.Forexample,‘clone’means‘无性系繁殖’andthenitisexudedtobe‘复制’;‘Bug’means‘机器的毛病’nowrefersinparticularto‘机千年虫问题’;Sept.11or9/11hasthespecialmeaningbecausetheterroristsattackedtheUSworldtradebuilding.Theotheriscompletelynewwords,namely,coinage,mainlyinthefieldsofsciencetechnology,suchasInternetese(因特网语言),com,e-mail,e-commerce(商务),cyberspace(电脑空间),bio-chips(生物芯片),techno-millionaire(高科技百万富翁)andsoon.”[1]P108
Forexample:
(1)Year2000BugUnstoppableforSomeCorporations
---计算机千年虫问题迫在眉睫
(2)AmericanOnline:
OftenDown,NeverOut
---美国在线公司:
屡挫不倒
(3)WhatIsDateline?
---何为征婚热线?
(4)TheSandbaggers
---用沙袋治沙的人们
(5)Cold-FightingDrugMayBeUsedAgainstSARS
---千呼万唤始出来抗非典药物有望面世
(6)AsiaPledgeActiononBirdflu
---亚洲国家表示采取一致措施控制禽流感
(7)YahooAwardsWorld’sBestCybercafés
---雅虎评选全球最佳网吧
2.3.Translationofmidgetwords
“Midgetwordsareverbsornounsthatareshorterorfewersyllablebutmorevividemployedinnewsheadlinetomakeiteasierforreaderstounderstand.”[2]P98Atthispoint,thetranslatorshouldseektoproducesomethingrelativelyequivalenttothiskindofwordsinChinese.
Forexample:
(1)WarStrainsandtheProductionofKillers.
---战争压力与杀戮者的产生
(2)TheU.S.ProposalandItsChances.
---美国的建议及其机会
(3)ThePressureonCherbourgandtheEnemy’sDistress
---瑟堡吃紧敌军凄苦
(4)AFertileValleyandItsScourge
---肥沃河谷的灾难
Furtherexamples:
(1)ReportBacksMethadoneforAddicts
---报道支持吸毒者使用镁沙酮镇定剂
(2)NuclearBlastSeepageIsFound
---核爆炸渗漏物被发现
“Thewords‘back’and‘blast’areshorterthanthewords‘support’and‘explosion’,buttherearenoChinesewordsCorrespondentwiththemtoexpressthedifferenceinvisuallybetween‘back’and‘support’,‘blast’and‘explosion’,soitisonlytranslatedliterallytobe‘支持’and‘爆炸’,stressinginthesignificancetransmissioninspiteoflosingEnglishmidgetwords’languagecharacteristic.”[3]P98
(3)BritishStudentKnifedinFrance
---英国学生在法被刺
Hereif“knife”istranslatedtobe“刀刺”,itwouldgildthelily.
(4)ChunAxes37JudgesinShape-up
---全斗焕在改组中撤掉37名法官
“Iftheword‘axe’istranslatedliterallytobe‘斧砍’inChinese,itispossibletocausetwopenalties:
oneistomakethedivergence---全斗焕在改组中用斧头砍伤了37名法官;theotheristhatthescaleofformalityofChineseword‘斧砍’makesitquitealientothephrases‘改组’,‘法官’and‘全斗焕’.”[4]P98Undersuchcircumstances,weareconcernedwiththeessentialmeaningimpliedinthewords.WhenwordsorphasesintheEnglishnewsheadlinearemeaninglessormisleadingiftranslatedliterallyintoChinese,oneisobligedtomakesomeadjustmentsintranslationtoguaranteetheheadlinepassintoChinesewithoutlosingitsessence.
3.Translationofproperpunctuations
Newstitleisalwayssimplifiedinstructure;accordingly,punctuationplaysaveryimportantroleinnewsheadline.Moreoftenthannot,certainpunctuationcanproducesomekindofspecialresult.Thetranslatorshouldpayattentiontotheconcretemeaningofthesepunctuationswhiletranslatingthem.
3.1.Comma(,)
“Commaexpressesthestopbetweenthecompoundingredientsintitle,anditisalsousedtoreplace‘and’inordertosavespace,generallybeingtranslatedtobe‘和’inChinese.”[5]P29
Forexample:
(1)Australia,U.S.SeekMoreWaystoPromoteTrade
(=AustraliaandU.S.SeekMoreWaystoPro-moteTrade)
---澳大利亚和美国寻求更多途径以促进两国贸易
(2)UN,IraqTalkonRefugeeAid
---联合国和伊拉克谈判援助难民问题
(3)China,CISStatesMayShareCables
---和独联体国家合作开发光电通讯
(4)Ready,aim,flambé:
Army,MarineCooksBattleEachOther
---预备、瞄准、开火:
海陆两军交“火”厨师各显神通(“Thetwocommasinfrontofthecolonareusedtoindicatedisplay,andfunctionasChineseslight-pause;thelastcommathenisequalto‘and’."[6]P67)
3.2.Colon(:
)
IntheEnglishnewstitle,themosteye-catchinginformationisalwaysputinfront,andthensomesupplementinformationisdrawnouttomakeupthesubjectaftercolon.ThesimilaritiesinChineseandEnglishexpressionprovideaseriesofparallelismsofcontentintranslation.
Lookattheexamples:
(1)The$2billionMakeover:
Aust
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