居里夫人不为人熟知的故事.docx
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居里夫人不为人熟知的故事.docx
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居里夫人不为人熟知的故事
MarieCurieMixedScienceandSex,And9OtherSurprisingFactsAboutFamousChemist
11/07/201308:
26amET|UpdatedNov07,2013
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MacrinaCooper-WhiteAssociateScienceEditor,TheHuffingtonPost
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Christie’s/WikimediaCommons
HappyBirthday,MadameCurie!
MarieCuriewasbornthisdayin1867.Youmightknowherasapioneeringchemistandphysicist—thefirstwomaninEuropetoreceiveaPh.D.inphysics.ShewasalsothefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizeforherresearchinradioactivity,andthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobels.ButhaveyouheardaboutwhatshedidtohelpduringWorldWarI?
Doyouknowaboutthesalaciousgossipshestirredupwithhersexlife?
WhowastherealMarieCurie,andwhatwasshelike?
Herearetenfactsthatmightsurpriseyou:
FACT#1.Shewasawhizkid.Marie,bornMaria“Manya”SalomeaSkłodowska,graduatedfromhighschoolatage15.Shewasfirstinherclass.
MarieCurieatage16.
FACT#2.Shewasarebel.Marialetnothingstandinthewayofhereducation.Afterhighschool,inthe1880s,sheattendedWarsaw’s“FloatingUniversity,”anillegal,undergroundnightschoolrunbyahandfulofyoungPoles.ClassesmetinchanginglocationstoavoiddiscoverybytheCzaristauthorities.OnceMariahadthefunds,sheheadedtoFrancetostudyattheSorbonne,sincewomencouldnotattenduniversityinPoland.ThisiswhenshechangedhernametoitsFrenchversion,Marie.Shelivedwithhersisterandbrother-in-law,Dr.KazimierzDluski,whonotedMarie’sindependentspiritinabrusquelettertoherfather:
Ms.Marieworksverydiligently.ShespendsnearlyalldayattheSorbonne,weusuallyonlyseeherintheevening.Sheisaveryindependentperson,thereforethoughyounamedmeherofficialguardian,shenotonlyshowsmelittlerespect,butalsorefusestolisten.Shecaresaboutmyauthorityasmuchasshewouldcareaboutatornshoe.
FACT#3.Scienceraninthefamily.Hergrandfatherwasaphysicsandchemistryteacherandherfathertaughtphysicsandmath.Marie’sdaughterIrèneJoliot-Curiecontinuedherwork,winningaNobelPrizeforChemistryalongwithherhusband,FrédéricJoliot-Curie,fortheirdiscoveryofartificialradioactivity.Andtoday,Irène’schildrenarebothesteemedscientists—HélèneLangevin-JoliotisanuclearphysicistandPierreJoliot-Curieabiologist.
FACT#4.Shemarriedherlabpartner.Lookingforaplacetodoherownresearchin1894,MariewasintroducedtochemistPierreCurie,labdirectoroftheMunicipalSchoolofIndustrialPhysicsandChemistryinParis.Pierreclearedaspaceforherinthelab,andthetwohititoff.AccordingtoMarie,“Ourworkdrewuscloserandcloser,untilwewerebothconvincedthatneitherofuscouldfindabetterlifecompanion.”
InalovelettertoMarie,Pierrewrote:
Itwould,nevertheless,beabeautifulthinginwhichIhardlydarebelieve,topassthroughlifetogetherhypnotizedinourdreams:
yourdreamforyourcountry;ourdreamforhumanity;ourdreamforscience.
Thetwoweremarriedinthesummerof1895.Marieworeadarkblueoutfitthatshecontinuedtowearinherlabforyearsafterward.
PierreandMarieCurieinthelaboratory.
FACT#5.ShepitchedinduringWorldWarI.In1914,MarieputtogetherafleetofvehiclescarryingportableX-raymachines,called“PetitesCuries.”Thesemachineshelpeddoctorsimagebrokenbones,shrapnelandbulletsinpatientsonthefrontlines.
MarieCurieina“PetiteCurie,”amobileX-rayvehicle.
FACT#6.ShevacationedwithEinstein.In1950,whenaskedwhichphysicistsheadmiredthemost,EinsteinpickedHendrikLorentz,andMarieCurie.MarieandEinsteinmetin1909andremainedcolleaguesandfriendsfornearly25years.TheyattendedmanyscientificconferencestogetherandeventooktheirfamilieshikingtogetherintheSwissAlps.
MarieCuriewithAlbertEinstein.
FACT#7.Shefoundasilverlininginwidowhood.In1906,Pierrewaskilledinatragicstreetaccident.Althoughdeeplysaddened,Mariemovedforwardwithherwork,takingoverPierre’spostinthephysicsdepartmenttobecomethefirstfemaleprofessorattheSorbonne.In1911,shewastheonlywomanattheworld’sfirstinternationalmeetingofphysicistandchemists,theSolvayConferenceinBelgium.
PhotographofparticipantsofthefirstSolvayConference,in1911,Brussels,Belgium.MarieCurieisseatednexttoHenriPoincaré.StandingbehindthemtothefarrightareAlbertEinsteinandPaulLangevin.OthernotablescientistsincludedinthephotographareMaxPlanck,HendrikLorentzandErnestRutherford.
FACT#8.Shewasahomewrecker.In1910,fouryearsafterPierredied,shebeganaromanticrelationshipwithPaulLangevin,oneofPierre’sformerstudents.Langevinwasmarriedwithfourchildren,sotheloversrentedasecretflatinParisfortheirtrysts.Eventually,Langevin’swifereportedthepairtothepressafterallegedlydiscoveringpassionatelettersexchangedbythelovers.OnlyafewdaysbeforeMariewassettoreceivehersecondNobel,membersoftheprizecommitteeaskedhernottocomeacceptherawardinStockholminperson.
Shedisregardedthewarning,statingsimply:
Theprizehasbeenawardedforthediscoveryofradiumandpolonium.Ibelievethatthereisnoconnectionbetweenmyscientificworkandthefactsofprivatelife.Icannotaccept...thattheappreciationofthevalueofscientificworkshouldbeinfluencedbylibelandslanderconcerningprivatelife.
Still,therelationshipbetweenMarieandLangevinended—butinatwistoffate,twogenerationslater,Langevin’sgrandsonandCurie’sgranddaughtergothitched.
PaulLangevin(1872-1946).
FACT#9.America’spresidentgavehera“hot”gift.In1921,MarieCurietookherfirsttriptotheUnitedStates,touringthecountryfromNewYorkCitytoChicagotoWashington,D.C.OnbehalfofmillionsofAmericanwomenwhochippedin,PresidentHardingpresentedMariewithagramofradiumworthmorethan$100,000.“Wegreetyouasforemostamongscientistsintheageofscience,asleaderamongwomeninthegenerationwhichseeswomancometardilyintoherown,”Hardingsaid.
FACT#10.Shewasamartyrforscience—butmaybenotinthewayyouwouldexpect.OnJuly4,1934,shediedofaplasticanemia,arareblooddisease.Foryears,manyassumedherdeathwascausedbyyearsofexposuretoradiationfromworkingwithradium.Butin1995,aradiologyexperttestedherremainsandfoundthatradiationlevelswerelow—leadingscientiststospeculatethatherearlydeathmayhavebeencausedbyherworkwithX-raysduringWorldWarI.
MarieandPierre’scryptinthePantheon,adistinguishedmausoleuminParis.Mariewasthefirstwomantobeburiedthereonherownmerit.
AlsoonHuffPost:
WomenNobelPrizeLaureatesintheSciences
WomenNobelPrizeLaureatesintheSciences
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MarieCurie,néeSklodowska—Physics1903,Chemistry1911
MarieCurie,néeSklodowska(1867-1934)becamethefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizewhenshewasawardedthe1903NobelPrizeinPhysicsalongwithherhusbandPierreCurieandAntoineHenriBecquerel“fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningnuclearshellstructure.”CuriebecamethefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizeinChemistry,thefirstwomantowinanunsharedNobelPrizeinthesciencesandthefirstwomantowintwoNobelPrizes—anachievementthatnowomanhasyettoduplicate—whenshewasawardedthe1911NobelPrizeforChemistry“inrecognitionofherservicestotheadvancementofchemistrybythediscoveryoftheelementsofradiumandpolonium,bytheisolationofradiumandthestudyofthenatureandcompoundsofthisremarkableelement.”
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