职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052941.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052941.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052941
职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案0529-41
1、ScienceFiction
1Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosethatareusuallyclassifiedas
sciencefiction.Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.
Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.
2Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformsofidealsociety,athemethatisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.
3Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,however,havebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerveandH.GWells,tomentionjusttwowellknownauthors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
4Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldsthatareareflectionoftheworldthatweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones(涵义).
5Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakes(超过)sciencefiction,thewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,however,mayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.
Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave____.
【单选题】
A.concernedwiththeproblemsthatwewillhavetosolveinthefuture
B.readingbooksofsciencefiction
C.politicalimplication
D.arecurrenttheme
E.readworldwide
F.translatedintomanylanguages
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题答案的依据在第4段最后一句,该句说Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones(由于这一原因,他们的作品带有明显的政治涵义)。
实际上,undertone与implication的意思相同,故选C。
2、StormsSinkShips
Rescuershavefoundthebodiesofover130peoplekilledintwoferrydisastersinBangladesh.TheaccidentshappenedduringastormthathitthecountryonApril21.Hundredsmorearemissingorfeareddead.
ThetwoferriessankindifferentriversnearthecapitalcityofDhakfiasstrongwindsandrainhittheSouthAsiancountry.
ThegovernmenthassincebannedallferriesandotherboatsfromtravelingatnightduringtheApril-Maystormyseason.
Oneoftheferries,MVMitali,wascarryingfarmorepeoplethanitwassupposedto.About400passengersfittedintoaspacemadeforjust300,policesaid.Thesecondferrycarriedabout100passengers.
"Thenumberofdeathsiscertaintorise."saidanofficialinchargeoftherescuework."Noonereallyknowshowmanypeoplewereonboardtheferryorhowmanyofthemsurvived.
FerriesinBangladeshdon'talwayskeeppassengerlists,makingitdifficulttodeterminetheexactnumberofpeopleonboard.
Besidestheferryaccidents,atleast40peoplewerekilledand400injuredbylightningstrikes,fallinghousesandtreesandthesinkingofsmallboats.
StormsarecommonthistimeofyearinBangladesh,asareboatingaccidents.Ferrydisasterstakeawayhundredsofliveseveryyearinanationof130millionpeople.
Officialsblametheseriveraccidentsonalackofsafetymeasurestoomanypassengersinboatsandnotenoughchecksonweatherconditions.
FerriesareacommonmeansoftransportinBangladesh.Itisacountrycoveredbyabout230rivers.Some20,000ferriesusethenation'sWaterwayseveryyear.Andmanyofthemaredangerouslyovercrowded.
Since1977,morethan3,000peoplehavediedinsome260boatingaccidents.
Officialsattributeboatingaccidentto____.
【单选题】
A.strongwinds.
B.badweatherconditions.
C.theblockagesofwaterways.
D.thelackofsafetymeasures.
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
倒数第3段说到了缺乏安全措施。
3、AnIntelligentCar
Drivingneedssharpeyes,keenears,quickbrain,andcoordinationbetweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall.theseandcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself?
Thereisavirtualdriverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes,""brains","hands"and"feet",too.Themini-camerasoneachsideofthecararehis"eyes,"whichobservetheroadandconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthetraffictothecar'sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdrivingsysteminthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputer,whichisthevirtualdriver's"brain".His"brain"calculatesthespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformation,itchoosestherightlinefortheintelligentcars,andgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feets"toactaccordingly.Inthisway,thevirtualdrivercontrolshiscar.
Whatisthevirtualdriver'sbestadvantage?
Hereactsrapidly.Themini-camerasaresendingimagescontinuouslytothe"brain".It______theprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.However,theworld'sbestdriveratleastneedsonesecondtoreact.Besides,whenhetakesaction,heneedsonemoresecond.
Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccidentrate.considerablyonexpressway.Inthiscase,canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplace?
Expertswarnthatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways.
【单选题】
A.selects
B.completes
C.uses
D.tests
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
空白所在的句子说“它在100毫秒的时间里……图像的处理”,根据该句内容判断B(完成)是答案。
4、SeeingRedMeansDangerAhead
Thecolorredoftenmeansdangerandbypayingattention,accidentscanbeprevented.Inthefuture,thecolorredalsomayhelppreventdangeratconstructionsites.Thankstonewworkbyengineers,bridgesupportsorotherkindsofmaterialscouldonedaycontainacolorswitchingmaterial.Itwillturnredbeforeastructurecollapsesorfallsapart.
Thesecretbehindthecolorswitchingmaterialisaparticulartypeofmolecule.Amoleculeisagroupofatomsheldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Moleculescomeatallshapesandsizes,andmakeupeverything.Youcansee,touchorfeel.Howamoleculebehavesdependsonwhatkindsofatomsitcontains,andhowthey'reheldtogether.
Whenapolymer(聚合物)containingacolorswitchingmoleculecalledamechanophore(机械响应性聚合物)whichisabouttobreak,itproducea______.Whenapolymerwithmechanophoremoleculesbecomes"injured"orweak,oneofthemechanophorebondsbreaksandthematerialturnsred."It'sareallysimpledetectionmethod."saysNancySottos,oneofthescientistswhoworkedontheproject.Sottosandherteamtestedthecolorswitchingpolymersintheirlab.Thetestresultsprovedencouraging.
Thereisawaytogetridofthecolorlightwhenabrightlightisshoneonthemechanophore.
Thebrokenbondisfixedandtheredcolordisappears.This"self-healing"maybeaproblemforengineers.Theyneedtousethecolorchangerinbigconstructionprojectsthatwillbeoutsideinsunlight.Andsunlightwillmakethemechanophore'swarmingsystemuseless.Sottosandherfellowscientistsstillhavealotofworktodobeforethecolorswitchingmoleculescanbeusedoutsidethelab.
【单选题】
A.color
B.trouble
C.what
D.where
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
前文一直提示分子变红色,所以在此情景下,选颜色是符合全文主题的。
5、RadiocarbonDating
Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(质子)andsixneutrons(中子)initsnucleus(原子核).Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减).Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.
InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.
Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.
AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织).Onceanorganism(有机体)diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.
Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有较大难度,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文作出判断。
通读全文后可以发现文章并未提及使用雷达来进行放射性碳测定,所以本题是未提及的,答案是C。
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