高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx
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高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx
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高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.
Shewasundermycareforthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining,yetIknewverylittleabouther,exceptthatshewasthin,perhapsinhermid70s.Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.Mrs.JoneswasthedeadbodythatIdissected(解剖)overthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining.
Ofcourse,hernamewasn'treallyMrs.Jones,butitseemedalittleimpolitetobeconductingresearchintosomeone'sbodywithoutevenknowingitsname,sooutofcourtesy,Ithoughtsheshouldhaveone.“MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,”wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.
Asthemonthspassed,IsoonforgotthatMrs.Joneshad,infact,oncebeenalive.Oneday,though,shesuddenlybecameveryhumanagain.I'dbeendissectingMrs.Jonesagood18monthsbeforeIgotaroundtotheuterus(子宫).AfterI'dremovedit,theprofessorcameuptome,“Ifyoulookattheopeningcarefully,you'llseethattheangleindicatesthatthiswomanhashadseveralchildren,probablythree.”Istaredatit,andIsuddenlyfeltverystrange.Thiswoman,whohadgivenmesomethingincrediblypreciousthatI'dbeguntotakeforgranted,wasn'tadeadbody.Shewasaperson,amother,infact.
Atmygraduation,thesameprofessorcameovertocongratulateme.IexplainedthestoryaboutMrs.Jonestohim,andrecalledwhathe'dtoldmeaboutherhavingchildrenandhowthathadaffectedmeallthoseyearsago.
“Well,”hesaid,“atthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,”andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.
(1)Whydidn'ttheauthorknowmuchaboutMrs.Jones?
A. Becausehewasirresponsibleforhispatients.
B. Becausehewasn'tallowedtoaskforherprivacy.
C. Becausehedidn'tknowheruntilshepassedaway.
D. Becausehewastoocarelesswhiledissectingher.
(2)HowdidMrs.Jonesgethername?
A. Itwaspasseddownfromtheseniorsofmyschool.
B. Itcamefromasongbeingplayedwhenwefirstmet.
C. Shewasnamedafterawell-knownsingerIlikedbest
D. ItjustoccurredtomewhenIopenedthebagofher.
(3)Whatcouldbetheauthor'sfeelingforMrs.Jonesnow?
A. Grateful.
B. Pitiless.
C. Hateful.
D. Guilty.
(4)Whatdidtheprofessorimplybyhiswordsinthelastparagraph?
A. Medicalstudentsareabletobringthedeadbacktolife.
B. Beingadoctorhasnothingtodowiththemedicaltraining.
C. Gooddoctorsneverfailtosavetheirpatientsfromdying.
D. Medicalstaffoughttohaverespectforlifeandhumanity.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者讲述了和琼斯夫人之间的故事,说明了医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.”可知琼斯夫人在去世后,把遗体捐给了医学院,所以在她去世之前,作者并不认识她,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“‘MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,’wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.”可知当我们第一次见面的时候,收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫人》,她就这样被命名了,故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.”可知现在,我对琼斯夫人充满感激,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“hesaid,‘atthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,’andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.”可知教授说得这段话的意思是:
“在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候,你要设法把尸体变成一个人。
现在,你成为一名医生了,窍门就是不要把人变成尸体。
”这名教授说得这些话暗含的意思是医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,选出正确答案。
2.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.
TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype(原型)ofitsflyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.
Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcern.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotorstopowerthevehicle.
Thecompanyistestingafull-sizeprototypeoftheHoverbike,whichwillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.
InNewZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledtheJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.
PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidtheJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityisthemostimportantelementofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.
TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatwouldbeused,ifthereshouldbeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitudeandactuallysavesboththeaircraftandthepilot,"headds.Mr.CokersaystheJetpackwillbereadyforsalesoon.
(1)WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheHoverbike________.
A. canhardlygetinandoutofsmallspacesquickly
B. canflyforover30minutes,upto1,000metershigh
C. hasbeenusedbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams
D. canbetransportedquicklyafterbeingfoldedandpacked
(2)PeterCokerusestheexampleofFormulaOneracingcartoshowthat________.
A. theJetpackisverysafeandreliable
B. theengineoftheJetpackispowerful
C. theactualstructureoftheJetpackisunique
D. theJetpackcanreachagreatspeedandheight
(3)Theunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphrefersto________.
A. thejetstream
B. theengine
C. theJetpack
D. theparachute
(4)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?
A. Todescribetheproblemsofinventingflyingvehicles.
B. Tointroducethelatestdevelopmentofflyingvehicles.
C. Toshowthedifferencesbetweentwoflyingvehicles.
D. Toadvertisethetwopersonalflyingvehicles.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实,然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题,文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品,新产品把安全放在首位,并对产品进行了改进。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“theHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly.Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked.”可知,Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。
它可快速地在大陆上移动,因为它可以折叠和包装。
可知,选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第六段PeterCoker说Jetpack从一开始就围绕安全进行的,安全可靠性是最重要的因素。
我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性,非常类似于FormulaOne赛车。
,故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachute(降落伞)thatcanbeusedshouldtherebeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitude….,”Coker先生说Jetpack上也有降落伞,可以在紧急情况下使用。
“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它…”。
可知,Jetpack上的降落伞(它)是在海拔低时才用。
由此可知it指的是parachute(降落伞)。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段可知,许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞去,科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。
然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。
接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品,新产品把安全放在首位。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Anxietyhasnowsurpasseddepressionasthemostcommonmentalhealthdiseaseamongcollegestudents,thoughdepression,too,isontherise.Morethanhalfofstudentsvisitingcampusclinicsciteanxietyasahealthconcern,accordingtoarecentstudyofmorethan100,000studentsnationwidebytheCenterforCollegiateMentalHealthatPennState.Nearlyoneinsixcollegestudentshasbeendiagnosedwithortreatedforanxietywithinthelast12months,accordingtotheannualnationalsurveybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation.
Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia.Anxietyhasalwaysplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofastudent'slife,butnowmorestudentsexperienceanxietysoacutethattheyareseekingprofessionalhelp.Likemanycollegeclinics,theCenterforCounselingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCentralFlorida(UCF)—oneofthecountry'slargestandfastest-growinguniversities,hasseensharpincreasesinthenumberofclients:
15.2percentoverlastyearalone.
Anxietyhasbecomecharacteristicofthecurrentgenerationofcollegestudents,saidDanJones,thedirectorofCounselingandPsychologicalServicesatAppalachianStateUniversityinBoone,N.C.Becauseofincreasinglypressuresduringhighschool,heandotherexpertssay,studentsarriveatcollegepreloadedwithstress.Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.“Theycan'ttoleratediscomfortorhavingtostruggle,”DrJonessaid.
Moreoften,anxietyismildandtemporary,theindicationofastudentunderthecontrolofanormaldevelopmentalissue-learningtimemanagement,forexample,or
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