武汉理工大学数据库标准答案汇总.docx

武汉理工大学数据库标准答案汇总.docx

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武汉理工大学数据库标准答案汇总

第一章：

1.1Whatisthepurposeofadatabase?

数据库的目的

Thepurposeofadatabaseistohelppeopletrack（跟踪监测）ofthings.

1.2Whatisthemostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabase?

最常见的数据库类型

Themostcommonlyusedtypeofdatabaseistherelationaldatabase.

1.3Giveanexampleoftworelatedtablesotherthantheexampleusedinthisbook.UsetheSTUDENTandGRADEtablesinFigure1-3asanexamplepattern（模式）foryourtables.Namethetablesandcolumnsusingtheconventionsinthisbook.给一个关联表的例子，参考1-3

Answer:

Query1：

学生信息

StudentNumber

LastName

FirstName

EmailAddress

1

Cookie

Sam

1234@OurU.edu

2

Lara

Marcia

1245@OurU.edu

3

Harris

Lou

2453@OurU.edu

4

Greene

Grace

2563@OurU.edu

5

Smith

Anna

4345@OurU.edu

Query2：

宿舍信息

StudentNumber

RoomNumber

RoomInformation

Rent

1

1

5-123

1000

2

3

3-633

1100

3

4

4-466

1200

4

2

2-454

1100

5

5

4-454

1300

1.4ForthetablesyoucreatedinReviewQuestion1.3,whataretheprimarykeysofeachtable?

Doyouthinkthatanyoftheseprimarykeyscouldbesurrogate（代理）keys?

每张表的主码？

这些主码可以是代理码吗？

Query1:

StudentNumber

Query2:

StudentNumber,RoomNumber

Yes,both.

1.5ExplainhowthetwotablesyouprovidedinReviewQuestion1.3arerelated.Whichtablecontainstheforeignkey,andwhatistheforeignkey?

TheprimarykeyofQ1wereaddedtotheQ2withaprimarykeyofStudentNumbertouniquelyidentifyeachrow.

InQ2StudentNumberandRoomNumbereachnowservesasaforeignkey.

1.6ShowyourtwotablesfromReviewQuestion1.3withoutthecolumnsthatrepresenttherelationships.Explainhowthevalueofyourtwotablesisdiminished（减少）withouttherelationships.在你的表中去掉代表关系的列，解释没有关系的表的value如何减少？

1.7Definethetermsdataandinformation.Explainhowthetwotermsdiffer.定义术语data和information,解释它俩的不同。

Answer:

Dataarerecordedfactsandnumbers.

Wecandefineinformationas:

Knowledgederivedfromdata.

Datapresentedinameaningfulcontext.

Dataprocessedbysumming,ordering,averaging,grouping,comparingorothersimilaroperations.

1.8GiveanexampleofinformationthatcouldbedeterminedusingthetwotablesyouprovidedinyouranswertoReviewQuestion1.3.

AnnaSmithlivesin4-454whichtherentis1300.

1.9Giveexamplesofasingle-userdatabaseapplicationandamultiuserdatabaseapplicationotherthantheonesshowninFigure1-5.举例子，单用户和多用户的数据库应用，除表1-5之外。

single-user:

CloudService

multi-user:

FileManagementSystem

1.10Whatproblemcanoccurwhenadatabaseisprocessedbymorethanoneuser?

当数据库被不止一个用户处理会导致什么问题？

Answer:

Whenmorethanoneuseremploysadatabaseapplication,theseisalwaysthechancethatoneuser'sworkmayinterferewithother's.

1.11Giveanexampleofadatabaseapplicationthathashundredsofusersandaverylargeandcomplicateddatabase.UseanexampleotherthanoneinFigure1-5.

举一个有成百上千个用户和一个庞大而复杂数据库的数据库应用，除表1-5以外。

Answer:

Selectionlessonsystem

选课系统

1.12Whatisthepurposeofthelargestdatabasesate-commercecompaniessuchasA?

像亚马逊这样的电商公司有着最大的数据库的目的是什么？

Answer:

Thelargestdatabasearethosethattrackcustomerbrowserbehavior.（用来记录用户的浏览行为）

1.13Howdothee-commercecompaniesusethedatabasesdiscussedinReviewQuestion1.12?

电商公司如何使用数据库？

Answer:

E-commercecompaniesuseWebactivitydatabasestodeterminewhichitemsonaWebpagearepopularandsuccessfulandwhicharenot.

1.14Howdodigitaldashboardanddataminingapplicationsdifferfromtransactionprocessingapplications?

数字仪表板和数据挖掘应用程序在事务处理应用上有何不同？

Answer:

Digitaldashboardandotherreportingsystemsassesspastandcurrentperformance.Dataminingapplicationspredictfutureperformance.

1.15Explainwhyasmalldatabaseisnotnecessarilysimplerthanalargeone.

解释为什么一个小的数据库不一定比大的数据库简单？

Answer:

Supposedwehave2companywhicharedifferentinsalesbuthavesimilardatabase.Thoughthedifferenceinsale,bothhavethesamekindsofdata,aboutthesamenumberoftablesofdata,aboutthesamelevelofcomplexityindatarelationships.Onlytheamountofdatavariesfromonetotheother.Thus,althoughadatabaseforasmallbusinessmaybesmall,itisnotnecessarilysimple.（一句话，麻雀虽小五脏俱全）

1.16ExplainthecomponentsinFigure1-7.解释图1-7的成分要素

Adatabasesystemisdefinedtoconsistoffivecomponents:

users,thedatabaseapplication,StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,thedatabasemanagementsystem（DBMS）,andthedatabase.

a.Usersemployadatabaseapplicationtokeeptrackofthings.Theyuseformstoread,enter,andquerydata,andtheyproducereportstoconveyinformation.

b.AdatabaseapplicationisasetofoneormorecomputerprogramsthatservesasanintermediarybetweentheuserandtheDBMS.

c.StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,aninternationallyrecognizedstandardlanguagethatisunderstoodbyallcommercialDBMSproducts,indatabaseprocessingandthefactthatdatabaseapplicationstypicallysendSQLstatementstotheDBMSforprocessing.

d.Thedatabasemanagementsystem（DBMS）isacomputerprogramusedtocreate,process,andadministerthedatabase.

e.Thedatabaseisacollectionofrelatedtablesandotherstructures.

1.17Whatarethefunctionsofapplicationprograms?

应用程序的功能是什么？

Answer:

•Createandprocessforms

•Processuserqueries

•Createandprocessreports

•Executeapplicationlogic

•Controlapplication

1.18WhatisStructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）,andwhyisitimportant?

StructuredQueryLanguage（SQL）isaninternationallyrecognizedstandardlanguage.BecauseitnearlycanbeunderstoodbyallcommercialDBMSproducts,indatabaseprocessing,databaseapplicationstypicallysendSQLstatementstotheDBMSforprocessing.（在数据库方法中，数据库应用向DBMS发送SQL语句）

1.19WhatdoesDBMSstandfor?

Databasemanagementsystem

1.20WhatarethefunctionsoftheDBMS?

•Createdatabase、Createtables

•Createsupportingstructures

•Readdatabasedata

•Modify（修改）（insert,update,ordelete）databasedata

•Maintaindatabasestructures

•Enforcerules

•Controlconcurrency（并发控制）

•Providesecurity

•Performbackupandrecovery（备份与恢复）

1.21NamethreevendorsofDBMSproducts.

MySQL，MicrosoftSQLServer，IBM

1.22Definethetermdatabase.（数据库一词的定义）

Adatabaseisaself-describingcollectionofintegratedtables.

1.23Whyisadatabaseconsideredtobeself-describing?

Adatabaseisself-describingbecauseitcontainsadescriptionofitself.Thus,databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.

1.24Whatismetadata（元数据）?

Howdoesthistermpertain（属于）toadatabase?

databasescontainnotonlytablesofuserdata,butalsotablesofdatathatdescribethatuserdata.Suchdescriptivedataiscalledmetadatabecauseitisdataaboutdata.（元数据是描述数据的数据）

1.25Whatadvantageisthereinstoringmetadataintables?

Youcanexamine（调查）metadatatodetermineifparticulartables,columns,indexes,orotherstructuresexistinadatabase.

可以通过调查元数据得知某些特定的结构是否存在于数据库中

1.26Listthecomponentsofadatabaseotherthanusertablesandmetadata.除了用户表和元数据以外的其他数据库组件。

•Indexes

•Storedprocedures

•Triggers

•Securitydata

•Backup/recoverydata

1.27IsMicrosoftAccessaDBMS?

Whyorwhynot?

No,MicrosoftAccessisnotjustaDBMS.Becauseitisapersonaldatabasesystem:

aDBMSplusanapplicationgenerator.AlthoughMicrosoftAccesscontainsaDBMSenginethatcreates,processes,andadministersthedatabase,italsocontainsform,report,andquerycomponentsthataretheMicrosoftAccessapplicationgenerator.（应用程序生成器）

1.28-1.35了解就好，太偏太细，感觉不会考

1.28DescribethecomponentsshowninFigure1-15.

ComponentsofaMicrosoftAccessDatabaseSystem

MicrosoftAccesscontainsaDBMSenginethatcreates,processes,andadministersthedatabase,italsocontainsform,report,andquerycomponentsthataretheMicrosoftAccessapplicationgenerator.

1.29WhatisthefunctionoftheapplicationgeneratorinMicrosoftAccess?

Theapplicationgeneratorconsistsofapplicationscomponentsthatcreateandprocessforms,reports,andqueries.

1.30WhatisthenameoftheDBMSenginewithinMicrosoftAccess?

Whydowerarelyhearaboutthatengine?

ThecurrentDBMSenginewithinMicrosoftAccessiscalledtheAccessDatabaseEngine（ADE）.ADEisaMicrosoftOfficespecificversionofMicrosoft’sJointEngineTechnology（JETorJet）databaseengine.ButyouseldomhearaboutJetbecauseMicrosoftdoesnotsellJetasaseparateproduct.

ADE是Jet引擎的一个版本，很少听说是因为Jet不是一个独立销售的产品

1.31WhydoesMicrosoftAccesshideimportantdatabasetechnology?

Becauseitisaneffectivestrategyforbeginnersworkingonsmalldatabases

1.32WhywouldsomeonechoosetoreplacethenativeMicrosoftAccessDBMSenginewithSQLServer?

YouwoulddothisifyouwantedtoprocessalargedatabaseorifyouneededtheadvancedfunctionsandfeaturesofMicrosoftSQLServer.

1.33Namethecomponentsofanenterprise-classdatabasesystem.

1.34Nameanddescribethefourcategoriesofdatabaseapplicationsthatwoulduseanenterprise-classdatabasesystem.

client/serverapplications：

theapplicationprogramisaclientthatconnectstoadatabaseserver.Client/serverapplicationsoftenarewritteninprogramminglanguagessuchasVB.NET,C++,orJava.

e-commerceapplications：

runonaWebserver

reportingapplications：

publishtheresultsofdatabasequeriesonacorporateportalorotherWebsite.

XMLWebservicesapplications：

useacombinationoftheXMLmarkuplanguageandotherstandardstoenableprogram-to-programcommunication.

1.35Howdodatabaseapplicationsreadandwritedatabasedata?

AllofthesedatabaseapplicationsgetandputdatabasedatabysendingSQLstatementstotheDBMS.

1.35Howdodatabaseapplicationsreadandwritedatabasedata?

（数据库应用程序是如何读写数据库数据的？

PPT:

Fir