英语四级真题卷三.docx
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英语四级真题卷三.docx
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英语四级真题卷三
2014年6月英语四级真题卷三
Part ⅠWriting
1.有人建议将春节假期延长至正月十五;
2.也有人提出反对意见;
3.我的看法。
OnHolidayReform
SomepeopleareoftheopinionthatthespringfestivalholidayshouldlastuntiltheLanternFestival,atotalof15days.Theypointoutthatalongerholidaywouldmakeitpossibleformorepeopletoreturntotheirhometownstocelebratethefestivalwiththeirfamilies.Inaddition,inatimewhenmanyyoungpeopleareturningtoWesternholidays,weshouldbeemphasizingourChinesetraditionstostrengthenourculturaltieswitheachother.
Othersthinkthatthereisnoneedtoextendtheholiday.Theypointoutthattheyearisalreadyfullofnationalholidays;toextendtheSpringFestivalholidayto15dayswouldresultingreatfinanciallossforethewholecountry.Thereisnoreason,intheiropinion,whypeoplecannotworkwhilestillcelebratinguntiltheLanternFestival.
Inmyopinion,inthistimeofweakeningculturalandfamilyties,lengtheningtheSpringFestivalholidayto15dayswouldbewise.ThelongerholidaywouldgiveusChinesemoretimetorememberandenjoyourculturaltraditionsandstrengthenfamilyrelationships,andthusstrengthenourentirecountry.
PartII ReadingComprehension
HateYourJob?
Here’sHowtoReshapeIt
Onceuponatime,ifyouhatedyourjob,youeitherquitorbityourlip.Thesedays,agroupofresearchersistrumpetingathirdoption:
shapeyourjobsoifsmorefruitfulthanfutile.
"Weoftengettrappedintothinkingaboutourjobasalistofthingstodoandalistofresponsibilities,"saysAmyWrzesniewski,anassociateprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement."Butwhatifyousetasidethatmind-set?
"Ifyoucouldadjustwhatyoudo,shesays,"whowouldyoustarttalkingto,whatothertaskswouldyoutakeon,andwhowouldyouworkwith?
"
Tomakelivelihoodsmorelively,WrzesniewskiandhercolleaguesJaneDuttonandJustinBerghavedevelopedamethodologytheycalljob-crafting.They’reworkingwithFortune500companies,smallerfirmsandbusinessschoolstochangethewayAmericansthinkaboutwork.Theideaistomakealljobs--evenmundane(平凡的)ones---moremeaningfulbyempoweringemployeestobrainstormandimplementsubtlebutsignificantworkplaceadjustments.
Step1:
RethinkYourJob--Creatively
"Thedefaultsomepeoplewakeuptoisdraggingthemselvestoworkandfacingalistofthingstheyhavetodo,"saysWrzesniewski.Sointhejob-craftingprocess,thefirststepistothinkaboutyourjobholistically.Youfirstanalyzehowmuch
time,energyandattentionyoudevotetoyourvarioustasks.Thenyoureflectonthatallocation(分配).SeeI0perfectjobsfortherecession--andafter.
Take,forexample,amaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBees,whichmakespersonal-careproducts.Hewasinterestedinprocessengineering,thoughthatwasn’tpartofhisjobdescription.Toalterthescopeofhisday-to-dayactivities,thetechnicianaskedasupervisorifhecouldspendsometimestudyinganideahehadformakingthefirm’smanufacturingproceduresmoreenergy-efficient.Hisideasprovedhelpful,andnowprocessengineeringispartofthescopeofhiswork.
BarbaraFredrickson,authorofPositivityandaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapel
Hill,saysit’scrucialforpeopletopayattentiontotheirworkdayemotions."Doingso,"shesays,"willhelpyoudiscoverwhichaspectsofyourworkaremostlife-giving-andmostlife-draining."
Manyofusgetstuckinruts(惯例).Berg,aPh.D.studentattheWhartonSchoolattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhohelpeddevelopthejob-craftingmethodology,saysweallbenefitfromperiodicallyrethinkingwhatwedo."Eveninthemost
constrainingjobs,peoplehaveacertainamountofwiggleroom,"hesays."Smallchangescanhavearealimpactonlifeatwork."
Step2:
DiagramYourDay
Tolaythegroundworkforchange,job-craftingparticipantsassemblediagramsdetailingtheirworkdayactivities.Thefirstobjectiveistodevelopnewinsightsaboutwhatyouactuallydoatwork.Thenyoucandreamupfreshwaystointegratewhatthejob-craftingexercisecallsyour"strengths,motivesandpassions"intoyourdailyroutine.Youconverttasklistsintoflexiblebuildingblocks.Theendresultisan"after"diagramthatcanserveasamapforspecificchanges.
lnaLockau-Vogel,amanagementconsultantwhoparticipatedinarecentjob-craftingworkshop,saystheexercisehelpedheradjustherpriorities."Before,1wouldspendsomuchtimereactingtorequestsandfocusingonurgenttasksthatInever
hadtimetoaddresstherealimportantissues."Aspartofthejob-craftingprocess,shedecidedonastrategyfordelegatingandoutsourcing(外包)moreofheradministrativeresponsibilities.
Incontrasttobusinessbooksthatcounsel,managerstoinfluenceworkersthroughincentives,job-craftingfocusesonwhatemployeesthemselvescandotore-envisionandadjustwhattheydoeveryday.GiventhataccordingtotheBureauofLabor
Statistics,itnowtakestheaveragejobseekermorethansixmonthstofindanewposition,it’scrucialtomakethemostofthejobyou’vegot.
Step3:
IdentifyJobLovesandHates
Byreorienting(使适应)howyouthinkaboutyourjob,youfreeyourselfupfornewideasabouthowtorestructureyourworkdaytimeandenergy.TakeanITworkerwhohatesdealingwithtechnologicallyincompetentcallers.Hemightenjoy
teachingmorethancustomerservice.Byspendingmoretimeinstructingcolleagues--andtreatinghelp-linecallersascuriousstudentsoftech--thedisgruntledITpersoncanmakethemostofhis9-to-5position.
Dutton,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sRossSchoolofBusiness,saysshehasseenlocalauto-industryworkersbenefitfromthejob-craftingprocess."Theycomeinlookingworndown,butafterspendingtwohoursonthisexercise,theycomeawaythinkingaboutthreeorfourthingstheycandodifferently."
"Theystarttorecognizetheyhavemorecontrolovertheirworkthantheyrealized,"saysDutton,whoparmeredwithWrzesniewskiontheoriginaljob-craftingresearch.
Step4:
PutYourIdeasintoActionToconcludethejob-craftingprocess,participantslistspecificfollow-upsteps:
Manyplanaone-0n-onemeetingwithasupervisortoproposenewprojectideas.Othersconnectwithcolleaguestotalkabouttradingcertaintasks.Bergsaysaslongastheirgoalsaremet,manymanagersarehappytoletemployeesadjusthowtheywork.
Job-craftingisn’taboutrevenue,perse,butjuicingup(活跃)employeeengagementmayendupbeefingupthebottomline.Amidsalary,jobandbenefitcuts,moreandmoreworkersaredisgruntled.Surveysshowthatmorethan50%aren’thappy
withwhattheydo.Dutton,BergandWrzesniewskiarguethatemphasizingenjoymentcanboostefficiencybyloweringturnoverratesandjackingupproductivity.Job-craftingwon’tridyouofalousybossorasubparsalary,butitdoesoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction.Ifyoucan’tditchorswitchajob,atleastmakeitmorelikable.
1.Alongtimeagowhenapersonhatedhis/herjob,whatwouldhe/shedo?
[A]Resignorbearit.
[B]Arguewiththeboss.
[C]Doitwellorquit.
[D]Complaineveryday.
2.WhatdoesAmyWrzesniewskithinkaboutjob?
[A]It’salistofthingstodo.
[B]Itcouldbeadjusted.
[C]It’salistofresponsibilities.
[D]It’sabouttalkingwithothers.
3.What’syourfirstthingtodointhejob-craftingprocess?
[A]Tothinkaboutyourjobwholly.
[B]Toanalyzeyourenergyandattention.
[C]Toanalyzehowmuchtimeyouspend.
[D]Tothinkaboutwhattodo.
4.TheideaofamaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBeesturnedouttobe
[A]partofhisjobdescription
[B]helpfulandenergy-efficient
[C]uselesstothesupervisor
[D]life-draining
5.What’sBerg’ssuggestionaboutwork?
[A]Togetstuckinruts.
[B]Topayattentiontotheemotions.
[C]Torethinkandmakesmallchanges.
[D]Totakethemostconstrainingjobs.
6.AccordingtoInaLockau-Vogel,what’sthebenefitfromjob-crafting?
[A]Ithelpsheruseheradministrativeresponsibilities.
[B]Ithelpsheradjusthertimetodowhatshewants.
[C]Ithelpshermakedecisionsaboutcompanystrategy.
[D]Ithelpshersetprioritiesproperly.
7.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,what’sthesituationinjobmarket?
[A]Itisdifficulttofindajob.
[B]It’seasytofindanewposition.
[C]Job-craftinghelpsyoufindajob.
[D]Outsourcingjobsareveryhot.
8.Duttonhasseenthatlocalauto-industryworkersprofitfromthejob-craftingprocess
9.AccordingtoBerg,ifthejob-craftingprocessissuccessful,thesupervisorsarewillingtoletemployeesadjusthattodo.
10.Ifyoucan’tquityourjob,usingjob-craftingmayatleastoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction
PartIIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
11.[A]Atthedentist’s.
[B]Atagrocery.
[C]Atalawyer’s.
[D]Atapsychiatrist’s.
12.[A]Purchasesomeingredients.
[B]Givethemanarecipe.
[C]Writedownthedirectionstothesupermarket.
[D]Checktoseeifthestewisready.
13.[A]Shedoesn’tliketowatchbasketball.
[B]Shewouldlikethemantoaccompanyhertothegame.
[C]Shedoesn’thaveatelevision.
[D]She’llsellthemanherticket.
14.[A]Hefailedtofinishtheexperimentthatday.
[B]Hehasn’thadtimetodotheexperiment.
[C]Hedidonlypartoftheexperiment.
[D]Theexperimentturnedoutwell.
15.[A]Themanisafootballfan.
[B]Themanneedsthewoman’shelp.
[C]Themandidn’twatchTVlastnight.
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