高考英语配套练习18阅读理解提升练主旨大意题2.docx
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高考英语配套练习18阅读理解提升练主旨大意题2.docx
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高考英语配套练习18阅读理解提升练主旨大意题2
精编优选练(十八)阅读理解-主旨大意题2
(限时:
25分钟)
A
Whilestillayoungchild,MoralesCasanovasawneighborhoodchildrenharmlocaltreesandeventheirownpets.SosheformedagroupcalledHumanityUnitedtoNatureinHarmonyforBeauty,Welfare,andGoodnesstoaddresstheproblem.Throughsmallgroupmeetings,shetaughtfriendstogrowplantsandcareforpets,inspiringanewrespectfornature.
Afewyearslater,atage13,shesentthepresidentaproposal(提议)forcreatingaprotectedareatotrainchildrenaboutenvironmentalissues.HeawardedhertheNationalYouthAwardforEnvironmentalProtection.
Thatbackinghelpedhergrouptoexpanditsgrassrootsyouthconservationprojectsthroughherhomestate.In2007thestatecapitaldonatedlandthatletherrealizealonghelddreamofopeninganenvironmentaleducationpark.
Openedin2013,CeibaPentandraParkprovidesafree,interactive(互动的)learningexperienceforchildrenandteachersontopicsrangingfromclimatechangetowildlifeprotectionandtheeffectsofpollution.Thepark'sunusualaspectisitsteachers:
otherchildren.“Ithinkchildrenhavegreatpotentialtobeleaders,”MoralesCasanovasays.
Parkstudentswhoshowleadershipabilityaretrainedtobeeducators.Theylearntospeakinfrontofgroups,planactivities,anddofundraisingforprojectsthattheydesignandmanagethemselves.
“Whenkidsseeotherkidsmakingarealdifference,itgivesthemconfidencethattheycandoit,too,”MoralesCasanovasays.Thechildrenweworkwitharegrowingupwithnewvalues...Theyarealreadytakingactiontochangenotonlytheirownlifestyles,butalsothemindsoffamiliesandteachers.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要介绍了MoralesCasanova在推动环保事业方面所做出的贡献。
她认为对孩子们进行环保教育是解决环境问题的一个非常有效的方法,她曾就此给总统提议,并得到了认可。
1.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“backing”inParagraph3?
A.Approval. B.Protection.
C.Request.D.Opportunity.
解析:
词义猜测题。
第二段中提到MoralesCasanova向总统提议建一个保护区对孩子们进行环保教育,总统授予了她一个奖项。
画线词后面的内容是说她之前创立的组织得到了扩展,并在她所在州的帮助下实现了自己成立环保教育公园的梦想,由此可以推测,此处的backing指的是总统对她所从事的事业的认可。
答案:
A
2.WhatisspecialaboutCeibaPentandraPark?
A.Ithaschildreneducators.
B.Ittrainsteachersforschools.
C.Itfocusesonreducingpollution.
D.Itinvolveslocalgovernmentleaders.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据题干中的CeibaPentandraPark,我们可以找到文章中对应的信息是第四、五段内容,通过快速阅读这两段内容,我们可以找到与special对应的信息“Thepark'sunusualaspectisitsteachers:
otherchildren.”,再结合“Parkstudentswhoshowleadershipabilityaretrainedtobeeducators.”可知,MoralesCasanova认为孩子们有当领导者的潜力,所以她们选择有这方面潜力的孩子们,并将他们培养成公园的老师。
这正是这个公园与众不同的地方,故选A项。
B项的错误在于他们培养的老师是为公园服务的,并不是从事学校工作的;C项的污染问题只是他们关注的一个方面,并非其特色;D项文章中并未提及。
答案:
A
3.WhatdoesMoralesCasanovastressinsolvingenvironmentproblems?
A.Education.B.Donation.
C.Experience.D.Confidence.
解析:
推理判断题。
通读文章,根据第一段中的“taughtfriendsto...”,第二段中的“trainchildren...”,第三段中的“anenvironmentaleducationpark”和第四段中的“itsteachers”等不难看出,MoralesCasanova认为对孩子们进行环保教育是解决环境问题的一个非常有效的方法。
答案:
A
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.RespectforNature
B.NewValuesinLife
C.BuildingLeadershipSkillsinStudents
D.SavingEnvironmentthroughChildren
解析:
标题归纳题。
通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了MoralesCasanova在推动环保事业方面所做出的贡献,她主要是通过对孩子们进行环保教育来提高他们的环保意识,然后通过他们的改变来影响周围的人,从而使人们从身边的点点滴滴做起,为环保事业尽自己的一份力。
故D项作标题最恰当。
答案:
D
B
BoomsaidattheParisAirShowTuesdaythatpassengerscouldflybetweenLondonandNewYorkaboardasupersonic(超音速的)commercialairplaneinabout2.5hourswithinthenextsixyears.ThecompanyalsoaimstoshuttlepassengersfromSanFranciscotoTokyoin5.5hours,vsthecurrent11hourtraveltime.FlightsfromLosAngelestoSydneywouldtakejustunder7hours,comparedwiththecurrent15hours.
“Airlinesareeagertofindsomethingnewanddifferenttooffertheirpassengers—andwe'rethrilledthatmajorworldairlinesshareourideaofafutureoffaster,moreaccessiblesupersonictravel,”BlakeScholl,Boom'sfounder,saidattheshow.Fiveairlineshavealreadyplacedmorethan70ordersforBoom'sfasterthansoundpassengerairliners,thecompanyannounced.
Someexperts,however,areskepticalthatBoomcanmakeitsideaarealityandofferaproductthatmakesfinancialsense.TheEuropeanaircraftConcorde,whichendeditstransatlanticsupersonicflightin2003,wasnevercommerciallyworkable,andwithanairfareof$20,000,appealedtoonlyaverynarrowsliceoftravelers,saidRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.Fueleconomy,unproventechnology,andregulationsagainstsupersoniccommercialflightarekeydifficultiesBoomfaces,Mannsaid.
Therearealsosometravellimitations.TheUnitedStatesandmanyothercountriesdonotallowsupersoniccommercialflightsoverland,becauseoftheloudshockwavethatcanbeannoyingtocommunitiesbelow.ButaBoomspokesmansaidthatitspassengerairlinerisbeingdesignedtominimizethenoiseitmakesandthatBoomwillworktochangethoseregulations.
ThecompanysaidthatitwillsucceedwhereConcordefailedbecauseBoomisusingbetterenginesandimprovedmaterialstohelpreducethecostsofoperatingitsaircraft.AndabusinessclassticketfromNewYorktoLondoncouldcost$5,000,Boomestimates(估计),farlessthanthe$20,000chargedbyConcorde.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。
从纽约到伦敦仅需2.5小时,还不到一部《指环王》电影的时间。
这可能吗?
美国一家航空航天公司Boom在巴黎航空展上宣布他们的超音速飞机有望在六年内将此变为现实。
5.InwhichaspectwillBoom'snewairplanestandout?
A.Itssafety. B.Itsspeed.
C.Itsflightpaths.D.Itsdegreeofcomfort.
解析:
细节理解题。
文章第一段采用举例子、列数字和对比的写作手法,通过对三条航线目前和将来可能的飞行时间进行对比,主要说明超音速飞机可以大大缩短旅行时间,即它在速度上有优势,故选B项。
答案:
B
6.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?
A.TheaimofBoom.
B.ThepartnersofBoom.
C.Thepublicreactiontosupersonicflight.
D.Thepotentialmarketforsupersonicflight.
解析:
段落大意题。
第二段中Boom的创始人称一些航空公司对航空创新和高速商业飞行的发展充满热情,并提到有五家航空公司已向他们订购了七十余架飞机,由此可以看出本段主要介绍超音速飞机的市场潜力,故选D项。
答案:
D
7.WhatwasthemainreasonforConcorde'sfailure?
A.Itwaspoorlydesigned.
B.Itcreatedterriblenoise.
C.Itwasveryexpensive.
D.Itburnttoomuchfuel.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据题干中的Concorde可定位到第三段,首句是本段的主题句,即有些专家对超音速飞机商业飞行并不是那么乐观。
接下来以之前的Concorde公司为例,说明了他们的担心。
根据“withanairfareof$20,000,appealedtoonlyaverynarrowsliceoftravelers”和最后一段中的“whereConcordefailed...tohelpreducethecostsofoperatingitsaircraft.”以及最后一句中价格的对比可知,Concorde失败的主要原因是其价格太高,只能吸引极少的乘客,故选C项。
答案:
C
8.WhatisMann'sattitudetowardsupersoniccommercialflight?
A.Favorable.B.Disappointed.
C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.
解析:
推理判断题。
第三段中Mann举了以失败而告终的Concorde的例子,又列举了一些超音速飞机面临的问题,由此可推断,他对超音速飞行持怀疑态度,故选C项。
答案:
C
C
Theloudcontinuousnoiseofthecarsorthesoundofaplanecanforceitswayintothedeepestforest,yetit'snotonlyhumansthatarebotheredbythenoise.
BioacousticianBernieKrausehasbeenstudyingtheeffectofnoisepollutiononwildlife,andhascomeacrosssomeinterestingbehavior,especiallyamonganimalsthatcommunicatebyvocalization(发声),likehumans.Birdsusesoundtocommunicate,butinnoisyplaces,theseanimalshavetoshoutoverthenaturalnoisetobeheard.
Krausementionsastudyofnightingalestoclarifywhathemeans.Thebirdsrespondedtotrafficnoisebysinginglouderandlouderuntiltheyactuallywentbeyondnoisepollutionstandardsinthecity.Tobeltouttheirsongs,theyincreasedtheirlungpressurefivefold,butscientistsstatethatthisisnotdangerousforthebirdsthemselves.
Studiesshowthatsuddennoisecancausecertainbirdstoleavetheirnests,exposingtheyoungtotheirenemies.Onestudyalsoshowedthatsongbirdsthatnestedclosertobusymotorwaysweremuchlessproductivethanthosethatnestedfartheraway.Mammals(哺乳动物)tooareaffected.Arecentstudyshowedthatnursingcaribourespondtoplanenoisebynotproducingenoughmilktofeedtheiryoung.
Insomecasesnoisepollutioncanactuallyhelpsomeanimalswhileharmingothers.Toads(蟾蜍)andfrogsareknowntovocalizeinsynchrony(同步;同步方式)sothatnopredatorcanzeroinonthem.Krausefoundthatwhenplanesflewoverheadandmaskedthetoads'songs,theylosttheirsynchronicity,andittookthem45minutestogetitbackagain.ThatgaveGreatHornedOwlsandcoyotesplentyoftimetofindindividualtoadsbysound.
AccordingtoKrause,“Notonlywillnoisepollutionbotherwildlife,butitwon'thelpourliveseither.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。
噪音污染不仅困扰着人类,也对野生动物产生了巨大的影响。
9.Howdidnightingalesreacttotrafficnoise?
A.Bysynchronizingtheirsinging.
B.Byproducingloudersounds.
C.Byharmingthemselves.
D.Byleavingtheirnests.
解析:
细节理解题。
由题干中的thenightingales可以定位到文章第三段,根据该段中的“Thebirdsrespondedtotrafficnoisebysinginglouderandlouderuntiltheyactuallywentbeyondnoisepollutionstandardsinthecity.”可知,夜莺面对交通噪音会用更高的声调来唱歌。
答案:
B
10.Howdoyoungcaribousufferfromaircraftnoise?
A.Theyreceivelessfood.
B.Theycan'tsleepatnight.
C.Theyareoftendisplaced.
D.Theycan'theartheirmothers.
解析:
细节理解题。
文章在第四段的末尾提到caribou,由文中的描述“nursingcaribourespondtoplanenoisebynotproducingenoughmilktofeedtheiryoung”可知,在有飞机噪音的情况下,哺乳期的母驯鹿不会生产足够的奶水来喂养它们的幼崽。
答案:
A
11.Whatwouldhappeniftoadsandfrogsfailedtosinginunion?
A.Theymightbecomedefenceless.
B.Theywouldstopcommunicating.
C.Theywouldsoonregaintheirrhythm.
D.Theymightbeunabletohuntingroups.
解析:
推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的“Toadsandfrogsareknowntovocalize...ittookthem45minutestogetitbackagain.ThatgaveGreatHornedOwlsandcoyotesplentyoftimetofindindividualtoadsbysound.”可知,蟾蜍和青蛙齐声和鸣,这样掠食者便难以找到目标;当飞机从上空飞过,蟾蜍的声音被噪音所影响,它们的声音便会失去同步性,而它们需要45分钟时间才能再次找到声音的协调性,这就给了大角猫头鹰和郊狼足够的时间来捕食蟾蜍。
答案:
A
12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Onlyhumansarebotheredbytheplanenoise.
B.Thecausesofnoisepollution.
C.Theeffectsofnoisepollutiononwildlife.
D.Thewaysanimalscommunicatewitheachother.
解析:
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了噪音污染对野生动物造成的影响。
答案:
C
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