宾语从句状语从句.docx
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宾语从句状语从句.docx
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宾语从句状语从句
2010中考英语复习:
直接引语变间接引语,宾语从句和状语从句
一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化:
一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
1)."一随主"指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
Shesaid"Ilikeplayingbasketball".
Shesaidthat__________playingbasketball.
2)."二随宾"指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
SheaskedTom"CanIhavealookatyourpicture".
SheaskedTomif______couldhavealookat______picture.
3)."第三人称不更新"指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
Shesaidtome"Theywanttohelpme".
Shetoldmethat__________tohelpme.
2.指示代词,时间、地点状语的变化
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
that
those
时间状语
now
then
today
thatday
thismorning
thatmorning
threedaysago
threedaysbefore
Lastweek
theweekbefore
tomorrow
thenext/
followingday
nextyear
thenextyear
地点
状语
here
there
动词
come
go
二.宾语从句的考查
复合句中整个句子是一个动词或一个介词的宾语,这样的句子就叫做宾语从句。
需要注意三点:
语序、引导词、时态
1.宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。
即"主语+谓语+……
Doyouknowwhen__________?
A.doesthenexttrainleave B.thenexttrainleaves
C.willthenexttrainleave D.thenexttrainwillleave
注:
若疑问句词在从句中做主语,语序不变:
1).who在从句中作主语。
Canyoutellme_________?
(谁将来这儿)
2).what'swrong/thematter?
Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithme.
3).whathappened
Idon'tknowwhathappenedyesterday.
4).whichisthewayto….?
Canyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepark?
2.宾语从句的引导词
1).若宾语从句是陈述句时,引导词用that且that可省掉。
Shesaid"I'mgladtoseeyou" = Shesaid________________gladtoseeme.
2).宾语从句是一般疑问句时,引导词用if或whether.一般情况下if/whether可互换,但后有ornot/or、动词不定式或介词的后面时,只能用whether.
Heaskedme"AreyougoingtoWuhan?
"= Heaskedme________________goingtoWuhan.
I'mthinkingabout______togothere.
A.if B.whether C.that
3).宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词用特殊疑问词。
Doyouknow________?
I'mnotsure,Maybeheisabusinessman.
A.whoheis B.whoishe C.whathedoes D.whatdoeshedo
4).若宾语从句是肯定祈使句时,就改为ask/tellsbtodosth.若为否定祈使句,就改为ask/tellsb.nottosth.
"Don'topenthedoor"Theteachersaid. = Theteachertoldme____________thedoor.
3.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
Canyoutellme_________?
Heisadoctor.
A.whatishe B.whathewas C.whatheis D.whatwashe
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
Heasked____________.
A.whattimeitis B.whattimeisit C.whattimeitwas D.whattimewasit
Hetoldmethathe______forthesportsmeet.
A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.willprepare D.hasprepared
注:
1)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
OurteachersaidthatJanuary_____(be)thefirstmonthoftheyear.
Ourteachersaidthattheearth___(go)aroundthesun.
2).若主句为couldyou…..?
表示请求客气的语气,从句的时态仍然不变。
Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whathewasdoing B.whatwashedoing
C.whatheisdoing D.whatishedoing
4.if/when引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。
从句的时态的确定。
if
When
if/when从句的时态
条件/时间状语从句
如果、假如
当…的时候
一般现在时
宾语从句
是否
什么时候
一般将来时
Canyouguessifthey___toplayfootballwithus?
Ithinktheywillcomeifthey____free.
A.come,are B.willcome,willbe C.willcome,are D.come,willbe
Canyoutellmewhenhe____heretomorrow?
Whenhe_____here,pleasecallme.
A.comes,comes B.willcome,willcome C.willcome,comes D.comes,willcome
5.宾语从句的简化
1)hear/see/find+that+从句,可改为"hear/see/find+sb(要用宾格)+doingsth".
Iheardthattheyweresinginginthenextroom.=
Iheard__________inthenextroom.
Wefoundthatshewasplayingwiththecatunderthetree.
Wefound__________withthecatunderthetree.
2)宾语从句是陈述句时,主句谓语动词hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree且主、从句的主语一致,可简化为"动词+todosth".
IhopeIcanmeetyouagain.
Ihope__________youagain.
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.
→Sheagreed__________mewithmymaths.
3)宾语从句是疑问句时,且主、从句的主语一致,或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。
可简化为"疑问词+todosth".
Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
Idon'tknow_____________next.
CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?
Couldyoutellme_____________there?
Johndidn'tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.
Johndidn'tdecide___________________.
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
如:
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
3.由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?
二、三关
1.引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
如:
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
如:
Doesheworkhard?
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
3.时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如:
Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去的时态。
如:
Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.
注意:
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
如:
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
“MayIuseyourknife?
”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。
如:
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。
如:
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(时间状语从句)
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.
7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?
8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat_______________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
二、选择填空。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen
()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter
()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen
C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoitD.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?
─Sorry,I'venoidea.
A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeenD.w
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