英语中常用的前缀和后缀.docx
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英语中常用的前缀和后缀.docx
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英语中常用的前缀和后缀
英语中常用的前缀和后缀
一、常用的前缀和后缀
1、常用前缀
aero-:
concerningtheairofaircraft
plane-aeroplane
space-aerospace
anti-:
against;oppositeof
nuclear-antinuclear
matter-antimatter
war-antiwar
auto-:
oforbyoneself
biography-autobiography
criticism-autocriticism
be-:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend-befriend
little-belittle
bi-:
two;twice;double
lingual-bilingual
cycle-bicycle
bio-:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry-biochemistry
sphere-biosphere
by-,bye-:
lessimportant
produce-by-produce
way-byway
centi-:
hundredthpart
grade-centigrade
meter-centimeter
co-:
together,with
author-coauthor
exist-coexist
col-:
(usedbeforel)together,with
location-collocation
com-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with
passion-compassion
con-:
together,with
centric-concentric
federation-confederation
contra-:
opposite
diction-contradiction
natural-contranatural
cor-:
(usedbeforer)together,with
relate-correlate
respond-correspond
counter-:
opposite
act-counteract
attack-counterattack
cross-:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country-crosscountry
breed-crossbreed
de-:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code-decode
value-devalue
dis-:
not;theoppositeof
advantage-disadvantage
agree-disagree
honest-dishonest
em-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body-embody
power-empower
en-:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger-endanger
large-enlarge
ex-:
former(andstillliving)
minister-ex-minister
wife-ex-wife
extra-:
outside;beyond
curricular-extracurricular
ordinary-extraordinary
fore-:
inadvance,before;inoratthefront
arm-forearm
warn-forewarn
il-:
(usedbeforel)not
legal-illegal
literate-illiterate
im-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)not
moral-immoral
possible-impossible
in-:
not
direct-indirect
sensitive-insensitive
infra-:
belowinarange;beyond
red-infrared
structure--infrastructure
inter-:
between;among
change--interchange
national--international
intra-:
inside,within;into
city--intracity
department--intra-department
ir-:
(usedbeforer)not
regular--irregular
responsible--irresponsible
kilo-:
thousand
gram--kilogram
meter--kilometer
macro-:
large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan
particularpartsof
economics--macroeconomics
structure--macrostructure
mal-:
badorbadly
function--malfunction
treat--maltreat
micro-:
extremelysmall
computer--microcomputer
electronics--microelectronics
mid-:
middle
day--midday
night--midnight
mini-:
small;short
bus--minibus
skirt--miniskirt
mis-:
badorbadly;wrongorwrongly
fortune--misfortune
understand--misunderstand
mono-:
one;single
plane--monoplane
tone--monotone
multi-:
morethanone;many
purpose--multipurpose
national--multinational
non-:
not
resident--non(-)resident
sense--nonsense
out-:
outside;beyond
live--outlive
door--outdoor
over-:
toomuch;above;additional
head--overhead
time--overtime
poly-:
many
centric--polycentric
syllabic--polysyllabic
post-:
laterthan;after
graduate--postgraduate
war--postwar
pre-:
before;inadvance
pay--prepay
war--prewar
pro-:
infavorof,supporting
America--pro-America
abortion--pro-abortion
pseudo-:
notreal;false
name--pseudonym
science--pseudoscience
re-:
again;backtotheformerstate
unite--reunite
use--reuse
self-:
bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orin
oneselforitself
employed--self-employed
taught--self-taught
semi-:
half;partly
circle--semicircle
final--semifinal
step-:
notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried
mother--stepmother
children--stepchildren
sub-:
under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbigger
whole
divide--subdivide
section--subsection
super-:
more,larger,greaterthanusual
market--supermarket
natural--supernatural
tele-:
atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision
communication--telecommunication
screen--telescreen
therm(o)-:
concerningheat
chemistry--thermochemistry
meter--thermometer
trans-:
across,onortotheothersideof;between
Atlantic-transatlantic
plant-transplant
tri-:
three;threetimes
angular-triangular
cycle-tricycle
ultra-:
beyond;very,extremely
modern-ultramodern
sound-ultrasound
un-:
not
certain-uncertain
fortunate-unfortunate
under-:
toolittle;below
develop-underdevelop
sea-undersea
uni-:
one,singer
form-uniform
directional-unidirectional
vice-:
nextintherank;below
chairman-vice-chairman
president-vice-president
2.常用后缀
(1)名词后缀
-ability,-ibility
able-ability
flexible-flexibility
-age
post-postage
short-shortage
-al
arrive-arrival
refuse-refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library-librarian
music-musician
-ance,-ence
appear-appearance
refer-reference
-ancy,-ency
emerge-emergency
expect-expectancy
-ant,-ent
apply-applicant
correspond-correspondent
-cy
accurate-accuratcy
private-privacy
-dom
king-kingdom
free-freedom
-ee
employ-employee
interview-interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint-painter
beg-beggar
-ery
brave-bravery
slave-slavery
-ese
China-Chinaese
Japan-Japanese
-ess
actor-actress
waiter-waitress
-ful
hand-handful
spoon-spoonful
-hood
child-childhood
man-manhood
-ics
electron-electronics
linguist-linguistics
-ion,-ition,-ation
collect-collection
observe-observation
-ism
Marx-Marxism
socialist-socialism
-ist
psychiatry-psychiatrist
violin-violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel-cruelty
pure-purity
-ment
move-movement
retire--retirement
-ness
dark--darkness
happy--happiness
-ology
climate--climatology
future--futurology
-ship
friend--friendship
scholar--scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide--decision
expand--expansion
-th
grow--growth
wide--width
-ure
close--closure
expose--exposure
(2)动词前缀
-en
deep--deepen
fast--fasten
-ify
class--classify
simple--simplify
-ize,-ise
modern--modernize/modernize
popular--popularize/popularize
(3)形容词后缀
-able,-ible
suit--suitable
question--questionable
-al
nature--natural
structure--structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb--suburban
Canada--Canadian
-ant,-ent
differ--different
please--pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise--advisory
custom--customary
-ate
consider--considerate
fortune--fortunate
-en
gold--golden
wood--wooden
-ese
China--Chinese
Japan--Japanese
-free
care--carefree
duty--duty-free
-ful
care--careful
pain--painful
-ic,-ical
atom--atomic
psychology--psychological
-ish
girl--girlish
child--childish
-ive
create--creative
support--supportive
-less
hope--hopeless
pain--painless
-like
child--childlike
lady--ladylike
-ly
man--manly
month--monthly
-ous,-ious
danger--dangerous
poison--poisonous
-some
tire--tiresome
trouble--troublesome
-ward
down--downward
up--upward
-y
guilt-guilty
noise-noisy
(4)副词后缀
-ly
easy-easily
heavy-heavily
-ward,-wards
east-eastward(s)
north-northward(s)
-wise
clock-clockwise
other-otherwise
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