人教英语八下现在完成时教案.docx
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人教英语八下现在完成时教案.docx
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人教英语八下现在完成时教案
姓名:
________________
教学课题:
_现在完成时__
现在完成时
一.现在完成时的构成:
Have/has+过去分词
二.句式转换
1)肯定句:
have/has+过去分词
Eg:
Wehaveseenthefilmbefore.
2)否定句:
have/has+not+过去分词
Eg:
Shehasn’tseenthefilmbefore.
3)一般疑问句:
Has/Have+主语+过去分词+其他?
Eg:
Hasshefinishedherhomeworkyet?
4)特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词?
Eg:
HowlonghaveyoubeeninShanghai?
三.动词过去分词变化形式
动词的过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化
1.一般在动词原形后加-ed
读音规则:
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t],在浊辅音音素后发音为[d],在元音音素后发音也为[d]。
例:
watcheddreamedenjoyed
②-ed在音素[t]、[d]后发音为[id]。
例:
start→startedsound→sounded
2.在以-e结尾的动词后加-d。
例:
like→likedlive-lived
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。
例:
worry→worried
4.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。
例:
drop→droppedprefer→preferred
练习:
()1.—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?
—.
(A).Yes,Ihave.(B)Yes,Ido.(C)Yes,Iam.(D)Yes,Idid.
()2.—HassheeverlearnedEnglish?
—
(A)Yes,shehas.(B)Yes,shedoes.(C)No,shedoesn’t(D)No,shehas
()3..IEnghishinthisschoolsince1999
(A)taught(B)havetaught(C)tea(D)wouldteach
()4.Lileithepenforfiveyears
(A)hashad(B)bought(C)havehad(D)havebought
四.现在完成时的用法:
一)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与just,already,yet等副词连用。
标志词:
already,yet,never,ever,just,before……
Eg:
Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.
Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.
HaveeverbeentoJapan?
辨析:
already与yet
already做副词,意为“已经”,通常用在肯定句中,与现在完成时连用。
放在have/has后,过去分词前面。
yet做副词,意为“已经”,与现在完成时连用,用于疑问句或者否定句中,通常位于句末,也可以与not连用,构成notyet,用于简略回答,意为还没有
注意:
在现在完成时中,含有already的陈述句变为否定句/疑问句时,讲already变为yet.
Eg:
1.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.
_____________________________________.
2.Shehasalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.
_____________________________________?
3.----Hashecome?
----Notyet.
练习:
()1.—Haveyoutravelledonthetrain.—Yes,Ihave.
(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet
()2.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not.
(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just
()3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.
(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never
()4.—HaveyoulearnedEnglish?
—Yes,I'velearnedalot.
(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever
()5.—Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
—Yes,I'vedonethat
(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just
()6.John'sfatherborrowedsomepictures
(A)havealready(B)hasjust(C)haveever(D)hasyet
二)表示从过去某时开始持续到现在(包括现在在内)并可能继续持续下去的动作或者状态常与for和since连用
标志词:
for,since,inthepastfewdays,sofar,uptonow,recently,lately
ShehastaughtusEnglishsincetwoyearsago.
Mybrotherhasplayedtheviolinsincehewasonlyfiveyearsold..
辨析:
for与since
Eg:
1.Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.
2.IhaveknownDanielsince7yearsago.
3.He’slearnedabout5000wordssincehewenttocollege.
Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+一般过去时
Eg:
ithasbeenabout10yearssincewegotmarried.
ItisthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.他已经入团三年了。
2)for+一段时间
Hehastaughtinthisschoolforfouryears.
Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.
(3)since和for的转换
since+一段时间+ago=for+时间段;
sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;
forayear=sinceayearago
eg:
Ihaveleavedherefortenyears
=__________________________________.
Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.
=_____________________________________.
1.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
(1)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:
learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。
【例句】
Hestayedawayfromtheclassfortwodays.他两天没去上课。
Iwaitedforyouforhalfanhour.我等了你半个钟头。
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,可与for+时间段,since+时间点或since+一般过去时的句子连用。
表示"时间段"的短语有:
fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。
(2)非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。
【例句】
Shearrivedyesterdayevening.她是昨天晚上到的。
Heleftherethreedaysago.他三天前就离开了。
Theycametoawideriver.他们来到一条宽阔的河边。
Motherboughtussomenewclothes.妈妈给我们买了一些新衣服。
非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。
因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)常用的非延续性动词与延续性动词的对应关系
【例句】
这本书我借了一个月了。
(×)Ihaveborrowedthatbookforonemonth.
(√)Ihavekeptthatbookforonemonth.
用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词,常见的相应转换形式如下:
1.borrow/lend→keep,2.buy→have,
3.finish/end→beover,4.arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/bethere,
5.begin/start→beon,6.open→beopen,
7.close→beclosed,
8.die→bedead,9.leave→beaway(from),
10.gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,
11.getup→beup,12.fallasleep→beasleep,
13.fallill→beill,14.gettoknow→know,
15.lose→belost,16.become→be,
17.return/comeback/getback→beback,
18.join→bein/bea…member,
19.jointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldier,
20.receive/getaletter→havealetter,
21.catch/getacold→haveacold,
22.begintostudy→study
Eg:
Wehavebeenmarriedforabout10years.
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.
练习:
按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.
→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1) HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2) ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3) Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4) Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1) Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2) WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1) Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2) Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1) Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2) Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1) Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2) HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3) Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4) Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5) Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6) Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1) Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
2) Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wear
catch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know
1) Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2) Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3) Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4) Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1) HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1) Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2) Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.
Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.
C)选择填空
()1.—HowlongcanIthisbook?
—Twoweeks
(A)borrow(B)keep(C)lend(D)return
()2.Herfatherin1990andherhusbandformorethanfiveyears
(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied
()3.Ihavethisnicewatchfortwoyears
(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend
()4.Hehishomefortenyears
(A)hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom
()5.Healeaguememberforthreeyears
(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome
()6.Lihua'sbrotherhasfortwoyears
(A)joinedthearmy(B)beenanarmy
(C)becomeasoldier(D)beeninthearmy
()7.Hehasn'tQuanzhoueversinceheleftschool
(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away
练习:
A)用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth
4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere
B)用since和for填空
1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.
2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.
4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.
5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
C)选择填空
()1.I'vebeenlikethiseversnice
(A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek
()2.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory2years.
(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)since
()3.Ihaven'theardfromhimlastweek.
(A)since(B)for(C)ago(D)before
()4.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________
(A)forthreeyears(B)sincethreeyearsago
(C)three
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