C 语言标准库.docx
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C 语言标准库.docx
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C语言标准库
CStandardLibrary
Contents
∙
Diagnostics
∙
CharacterClassTests
∙
ErrorCodesReportedby(Some)LibraryFunctions
∙
Implementation-definedFloating-PointLimits
∙
Implementation-definedLimits
∙
Locale-specificInformation
∙
MathematicalFunctions
∙
Non-localJumps
∙
Signals
∙
VariableArgumentLists
∙
DefinitionsofGeneralUse
∙
InputandOutput
∙
Utilityfunctions
∙
Stringfunctions
∙
TimeandDatefunctions
voidassert(int expression);
Macro usedforinternalerrordetection.(Ignoredif NDEBUG isdefinedwhere
[Contents]
intisalnum(int c);
isalpha(c) or isdigit(c)
intisalpha(int c);
isupper(c) or islower(c)
intiscntrl(int c);
iscontrolcharacter.InASCII,controlcharactersare 0x00 (NUL)to 0x1F (US),and 0x7F (DEL)
intisdigit(int c);
isdecimaldigit
intisgraph(int c);
isprintingcharacterotherthanspace
intislower(int c);
islower-caseletter
intisprint(int c);
isprintingcharacter(includingspace).InASCII,printingcharactersare 0x20 ('')to 0x7E ('~')
intispunct(int c);
isprintingcharacterotherthanspace,letter,digit
intisspace(int c);
isspace,formfeed,newline,carriagereturn,tab,verticaltab
intisupper(int c);
isupper-caseletter
intisxdigit(int c);
ishexadecimaldigit
inttolower(int c);
returnlower-caseequivalent
inttoupper(int c);
returnupper-caseequivalent
[Contents]
errno
objecttowhich certain libraryfunctionsassignspecificpositivevaluesonerror
EDOM
codeusedfordomainerrors
ERANGE
codeusedforrangeerrors
Notes:
∙otherimplementation-definederrorvaluesarepermitted
∙todeterminethevalue(ifany)assignedto errno byalibraryfunction,aprogramshouldassignzeroto errno immediatelypriortothefunctioncall
[Contents]
FLT_RADIX
radixoffloating-pointrepresentations
FLT_ROUNDS
floating-pointroundingmode
Wheretheprefix"FLT"pertainstotype float,"DBL"totype double,and"LDBL"totype longdouble:
FLT_DIG
DBL_DIG
LDBL_DIG
precision(indecimaldigits)
FLT_EPSILON
DBL_EPSILON
LDBL_EPSILON
smallestnumber x suchthat 1.0+ x !
=1.0
FLT_MANT_DIG
DBL_MANT_DIG
LDBL_MANT_DIG
numberofdigits,base FLT_RADIX,inmantissa
FLT_MAX
DBL_MAX
LDBL_MAX
maximumnumber
FLT_MAX_EXP
DBL_MAX_EXP
LDBL_MAX_EXP
largestpositiveintegerexponenttowhich FLT_RADIX canberaisedandremainrepresentable
FLT_MIN
DBL_MIN
LDBL_MIN
minimumnormalisednumber
FLT_MIN_EXP
DBL_MIN_EXP
LDBL_MIN_EXP
smallestnegativeintegerexponenttowhich FLT_RADIX canberaisedandremainrepresentable
[Contents]
CHAR_BIT
numberofbitsina char
CHAR_MAX
maximumvalueoftype char
CHAR_MIN
minimumvalueoftype char
SCHAR_MAX
maximumvalueoftype signedchar
SCHAR_MIN
minimumvalueoftype signedchar
UCHAR_MAX
maximumvalueoftype unsignedchar
SHRT_MAX
maximumvalueoftype short
SHRT_MIN
minimumvalueoftype short
USHRT_MAX
maximumvalueoftype unsignedshort
INT_MAX
maximumvalueoftype int
INT_MIN
minimumvalueoftype int
UINT_MAX
maximumvalueoftype unsignedint
LONG_MAX
maximumvalueoftype long
LONG_MIN
minimumvalueoftype long
ULONG_MAX
maximumvalueoftype unsignedlong
[Contents]
structlconv
Describesformattingofmonetaryandothernumericvalues:
char* decimal_point;
decimalpointfornon-monetaryvalues
char*grouping;
sizesofdigitgroupsfornon-monetaryvalues
char*thousands_sep;
separatorfordigitgroupsfornon-monetaryvalues(leftof"decimalpoint")
char*currency_symbol;
currencysymbol
char*int_curr_symbol;
internationalcurrencysymbol
char*mon_decimal_point;
decimalpointformonetaryvalues
char*mon_grouping;
sizesofdigitgroupsformonetaryvalues
char*mon_thousands_sep;
separatorfordigitgroupsformonetaryvalues(leftof"decimalpoint")
char*negative_sign;
negativesignformonetaryvalues
char*positive_sign;
positivesignformonetaryvalues
charfrac_digits;
numberofdigitstobedisplayedtorightof"decimalpoint"formonetaryvalues
charint_frac_digits;
numberofdigitstobedisplayedtorightof"decimalpoint"forinternationalmonetaryvalues
charn_cs_precedes;
whethercurrencysymbolprecedes
(1)orfollows(0)negativemonetaryvalues
charn_sep_by_space;
whethercurrencysymbolis
(1)orisnot(0)separatedbyspacefromnegativemonetaryvalues
charn_sign_posn;
formatfornegativemonetaryvalues:
0
parenthesessurroundquantityandcurrencysymbol
1
signprecedesquantityandcurrencysymbol
2
signfollowsquantityandcurrencysymbol
3
signimmediatelyprecedescurrencysymbol
4
signimmediatelyfollowscurrencysymbol
charp_cs_precedes;
whethercurrencysymbolprecedes
(1)orfollows(0)positivemonetaryvalues
charp_sep_by_space;
whethercurrencysymbolis
(1)orisnot(0)separatedbyspacefromnon-negativemonetaryvalues
charp_sign_posn;
formatfornon-negativemonetaryvalues,withvaluesasfor n_sign_posn
Implementationsmaychangefieldorderandincludeadditionalfields. StandardCLibrary functionsuseonly decimal_point.
structlconv*localeconv(void);
returnspointertoformattinginformationforcurrentlocale
char*setlocale(int category,constchar*locale);
Setscomponentsoflocaleaccordingtospecified category and locale.Returnsstringdescribingnewlocaleornullonerror.(Implementationsarepermittedtodefinevaluesof category additionaltothosedescribehere.)
LC_ALL
category argumentforallcategories
LC_NUMERIC
category fornumericformattinginformation
LC_MONETARY
category formonetaryformattinginformation
LC_COLLATE
category forinformationaffectingcollatingfunctions
LC_CTYPE
category forinformationaffecting characterclasstests functions
LC_TIME
category forinformationaffectingtimeconversionsfunctions
NULL
nullpointerconstant
[Contents]
Ondomainerror,implementation-definedvaluereturnedand errno setto EDOM.Onrangeerror, errno setto ERANGE andreturnvalueis HUGE_VAL withcorrectsignforoverflow,orzeroforunderflow.Anglesareinradians.
HUGE_VAL
magnitudereturned(withcorrectsign)onoverflowerror
doubleexp(double x);
exponentialof x
doublelog(double x);
naturallogarithmof x
doublelog10(double x);
base-10logarithmof x
doublepow(double x,double y);
x raisedtopower y
doublesqrt(double x);
squarerootof x
doubleceil(double x);
smallestintegernotlessthan x
doublefloor(double x);
largestintegernotgreaterthan x
doublefabs(double x);
absolutevalueof x
doubleldexp(double x,int n);
x times2tothepower n
doublefrexp(double x,int* exp);
if x non-zero,returnsvalue,withabsolutevalueininterval[1/2,1),andassignsto *exp integersuchthatproductofreturnvalueand2raisedtothepower*exp equals x;if x zero,bothreturnvalueand *exp arezero
doublemodf(double x,double* ip);
returnsfractionalpartandassignsto *ip integralpartof x,bothwithsamesignas x
doublefmod(double x,double y);
if y non-zero,floating-pointremainderof x/y,withsamesignas x;if y zero,resultisimplementation-defined
doublesin(double x);
sineof x
doublecos(double x);
cosineof x
doubletan(double x);
tangentof x
doubleasin(double x);
arc-sineof x
doubleacos(double x);
arc-cosineof x
doubleatan(double x);
arc-tangentof x
doubleatan2(double y,double x);
arc-tangentof y/x
doublesinh(double x);
hyperbolicsineof x
doublecosh(double x);
hyperboliccosineof x
doubletanh(double x);
hyperbolictangentof x
[Contents]
jmp_buf
typeofobjectholdingcontextinformation
intsetjmp(jmp_buf env);
Savescontextinformationin env andreturnszero.Subsequentcallto longjmp withsame env returnsnon-zero.
voidlongjmp(jmp_buf env,int val);
Restorescontextsavedbymostrecentcallto setjmp withspecified env.Executionresumesasasecondreturnfrom setjmp,withreturnedvalue val ifspecifiedvaluenon-zero,or1otherwise.
[Contents]
SIGABRT
abnormaltermination
SIGFPE
arithmeticerror
SIGILL
invalidexecution
SIGINT
(asynchronous)interactiveattention
SIGSEGV
illegalstorageaccess
SIGTERM
(asynchronous)terminationrequest
SIG_DFL
specifiesdefaultsignalhandling
SIG_ERR
signal returnvalueindicatingerror
SIG_IGN
specifiesthatsignalshouldbeignored
void(*signal(int sig,void(*handler)(int)))(int);
Installhandlerforsubsequentsignal sig.If handler is SIG_DFL,implementation-defineddefaultbehaviourwillbeused;if SIG_IGN,signalwillbeignored;otherwisefunctionpointedtoby handler willbeinvokedwithargument sig.Inthelastcase,handlingis restoredtodefaultbehaviour before handler iscalled.If handler returns,executionresumeswheresignaloccurred. signal returnstheprevioushandleror SIG_ERR onerror.Initialstateisimplementation-defined.Implementationsmaymaydefinesignalsadditionaltothoselistedhere.
intraise(int sig);
Sendssignal sig.Returnszeroonsuccess.
[Contents]
va_list
typeofobjectholdingcontextinformation
void va_start(va_list ap, lastarg);
Initialisationmacrowhichmustbecalledoncebeforeanyunnamedargumentisaccessed.Storescontextinformationin ap. lastarg isthelastnamedparameterofthefunction.
type va_arg(va_list ap, type);
Yieldsvalueofthetype(type)andvalueofthenextunnamedargument.
void va_en
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