英国版权法Copyright law of the United Kingdom.docx
- 文档编号:10525179
- 上传时间:2023-02-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:19.74KB
英国版权法Copyright law of the United Kingdom.docx
《英国版权法Copyright law of the United Kingdom.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英国版权法Copyright law of the United Kingdom.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英国版权法CopyrightlawoftheUnitedKingdom
CopyrightlawoftheUnitedKingdom
Themodernconceptof copyright originatedintheUnitedKingdom,intheyear1710,withthe StatuteofAnne.
Thecurrentcopyrightlawofthe UnitedKingdom istobefoundinthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988 (the1988Act),asamended.Thiscameintoforceon1August1989,forthemostpart,saveforsomeminorprovisions
Variousamendmentshavebeenmadetotheoriginalstatute,mostlyoriginatingfrom EuropeanUnion directives.
Workseligibleforprotection[edit]
Thetypesofworkeligibleforcopyrightprotectionincludealiterary,dramatic,artisticormusicalwork,thetypographicalarrangementofapublishededition,asoundrecording,afilm,orabroadcast.[1]
Cinemafilmsmadebefore1June1957,thedateonwhichtheCopyrightAct1956[2] cameintoforce,arenotprotectedasfilm.Theyareeitherprotectedasadramaticworkunderthe CopyrightAct1911 (the1911Act)orasaseriesofphotographs.
Wirelessbroadcastspriorto1June1957arenotprotectedatall.The1911Actmadenoprovisionforthem,asbroadcastinghadnotasyetbeeninventedwhentheActwaspassed.Broadcastsbycablepriorto1January1985arenotprotectedatalleither.BoththeActsof1911and1956madenoprovisionforbroadcastsbycable,astheyhadnotbeendefinedandprotectedaseither"works"or"broadcasts"ofeitherActs.
Qualificationforprotection[edit]
The1911Actprovidesthatanindividual'sworkisautomaticallyundercopyright,byoperationoflaw,assoonasitleaveshismindandisembodiedinsomephysicalform:
beitanovel,apainting,amusicalworkwritteninmanuscript,oranarchitecturalschematic.ThisremainsthelegalpositionundertheSchedulesof1956Actandofthe1988Act.
Oncereducedtophysicalform,provideditisanoriginalwork(inthesenseofnothavingbeencopiedfromanexistingwork),thencopyrightinitvestsautomaticallyin(i.e.isownedby)theauthor:
thepersonwhoputtheconceptintomaterialform.Thereareexceptionstothisrule,dependinguponthenatureofthework,ifitwascreatedinthecourseofemployment.
Thequestionofwhoisthe"author"ofawork,andwhatrightsattachtotheauthor,isfurtherdiscussedbelow.
Inordertograntcopyrightprotectiontocomputerdatabases,UKcopyrightlawrecognisestheelementoflabourandskillusedincompilingthem,eventhoughtheyarenotintruthoriginalworks(beingentirelyderivedfromexistingrecords),[3] applyingaprinciplesometimescalledthe'SweatoftheBrow'doctrine;theyarealsoprotectedby databaseright (seebelow).
Theterm'UnfairUse'[4] issometimesappliedinthatcontext,torefertotheuseofaworkintowhichsomeonehasinvestedalotofskillandlabour,butwherelittleornooriginalityispresent.Thisismainlyinthecaseofreproductionphotography,ortheretouchingofartisticworksthatareoutofcopyright,orforsimplecomputerdatabases,suchworksnotbeingoriginal.
Awork,otherthanabroadcast,canqualifyforcopyrightprotectionineitheroftwoways:
bythenationalityoftheauthor,orbythecountryoffirstpublication.
Aworkqualifiesforcopyrightprotection,ifmadeafter1June1957(thedateonwhichtheCopyrightAct1956cameintoforce),ifitsauthoris:
1.aBritishcitizen,aBritishdependentterritoriescitizen,aBritishNational(Overseas),aBritishsubject,oraBritishprotectedperson,or
2.anindividualresidentordomiciledintheUnitedKingdom,orinanothercountrytowhichthequalificationclauseextends,or
3.abodyincorporatedunderthelawofapartoftheUnitedKingdom,oranothercountrytowhichthequalificationclauseextends.
Alternatively,aworkcanqualifyforcopyrightprotectionifitsfirstpublicationtookplace:
1.intheUnitedKingdom,or
2.inanothercountrytowhichthequalificationclauseextends.
However,aworkmadebefore1June1957canonlyqualifyforcopyrightprotectionbyitscountryoffirstpublication;notbytheauthor'snationality.
Abroadcast,ifmadeafter1June1957,qualifiesforprotectionif:
1.itismadefromtheUnitedKingdom,or
2.itismadefromanothercountrytowhichthequalificationclauseextends.
Listsofthecountrieswhichtriggerqualificationarepublishedin StatutoryInstruments periodically.Theyare,inpointoffact,thosecountrieswhichhaveacceededtothe BerneCopyrightConvention.
Firstpublication[edit]
Firstpublicationisdefinedasthefirstoccasionthataworkispublishedanywhere.Butifaworkissimultaneouslypublishedinseveralcountries,allwithina30dayperiod, each ofthosecountriesistreatedasthecountryoffirstpublication.
Forexample,ifaworkisfirstpublishedintheUnitedKingdom,butispublishedinCanada,AustraliaandNewZealandwithinthefollowing30days,allthosecountriesaretreatedunderUKlawasbeingthecountrywheretheworkwasfirstpublished.
Thisusedtobeofimportance,priorto1957,forinthosedaysfirstpublicationwastheonlypossiblewaytoobtaincopyright.ItbecamemuchlessimportantduetotheCopyrightAct1956,whichgrantscopyrightintheUnitedKingdomtoanyworkiftheauthorisaBritishcitizenorisresidentinBritain,orisacitizenof(orresidentin)aBerneConventioncountry.
Copyrightterm[edit]
Printedworks[edit]
Thetermofauthor'scopyrightundertheCopyrightAct1842(whichprotectedonlyprintedworks)was42yearsfromthepublicationofthework,orthelifetimeoftheauthorand7yearsthereafter,whicheverwasthelonger.
Inthe1911Actthetermofauthor'scopyrightwasextendedtothelifetimeoftheauthorand50yearsthereafter;thisremainedthecaseunderthe1956Actandthe1988Act.
The1911Actineffectextendedthemeaningof"author"sothatthisperiodofcopyrightappliedtoalltypesofworks,notmerelyprintedworks.
Underthe1995Regulations(setoutbelow),theperiodofauthor'scopyrightwasfurtherextended,tothelifetimeoftheauthorand70yearsthereafter.Thoseregulationswereretrospective:
theyextendedthecopyrightperiodforallworkswhichwerethenstillincopyright,and(controversially)revivedthelapsedcopyrightofallauthorswhohaddiedintheprevious70years,i.e.since1925.
Accordingly,copyrightinliterary,dramatic,musicalandartisticworkscurrentlyexpires70yearsfromtheendofthecalendaryearoftheauthor'sdeath.Wheretheworkhasmorethanoneauthor,thecopyrightexpires70yearsafterthedeathofthelastsurvivorofthem.
Thepublisher's(separate)copyright,inthetypographicalarrangementofaprintedwork,lastsfor25yearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichpublicationoccurred.Thisprotectsapublisher'scopyrightinallprintedworks:
includingbooks,magazines,newspapers,andotherperiodicals.
Otherworks[edit]
Otherworks(suchassculpture,architecture,etc.)willtypicallyvaryincopyrightterm,dependingwhethertheauthoroftheworkisanonymous.Iftheauthorisunknown,thecopyrightperiodends70yearsafterthemakingofthework;or,ifduringthatperiodtheworkiscommunicatedtothepublic,70yearsafterthatdate.Iftheauthoroftheworkisidentifiable,copyrightintheworkexpires70yearsafterthedeathoftheauthor.
Inthecaseofamotionpicture,theperiodofcopyrightisdeterminedbythelifeoftheprincipaldirector,theauthorofthescreenplay,theauthorofthedialogue,andthecomposerofanyoriginalmusicforthefilm.Ifthatpersonisnotanationalofa EuropeanEconomicArea (EEA)country,andthecountryoforiginisnotintheEEA(forexample,theUnitedStatesofAmerica),theperiodofcopyrightisthatprovidedbythefilm'scountryoforigin,ifthatperiodislessthanthenormalperiodunderUKlaw.Ifafilmdoesnothaveanyofthefourpersonsmentionedabove,thedurationofitscopyrightis50years.
Computergeneratedartisticworkshaveacopyrightprotectionof50yearsfromcreationofthework.Aswithothersuchcopyrights,iftheauthorisnotanEEAnational,andthecountryoforiginisnotanEEAstate,thenthedurationofthecountryoforiginapplies,provideditdoesnotexceedthenormalperiodunderUKlaw.
Broadcastsandsoundrecordingseachhaveadifferentperiodofcopyright:
asdetailedinthesectionsbelow.
Internationalcopyright[edit]
NotwithstandingthataworkqualifiesforcopyrightprotectionintheUK,itwillnotbeautomaticallyentitledtothenormalperiodofcopyright(assetoutabove).Itmaybeentitledtoonlyashorterperiodofprotection.
WheretheauthorisnotBritish(bynationalityordomicile),andtheworkwasfirstpublishedoutsidetheUnitedKingdom(andnotpublishedintheUKwithin30daysthereafter),theperiodofcopyrightprotectionprovidedbyUKlawislimitedtothatprovidedbythelawsofthe"countryoforigin"ofthework.
Thecountryoforigin,inthecaseofabroadcast,isthecountrythetransmissionoriginatesfrom;andinthecaseofotherworksisthecountryinwhichtheworkwasfirstpublished.
Ifaworkisfirstpublishedinonlyonecountry,whichisapartytotheBerneConvention,thenthatisthecountryoforigin.
Ifaworkispublishedsimultaneously(i.e.inmorethanonecountry,butallwithin30days),andoneofthecountriesisa EuropeanEconomicArea (EEA)country,thentheEEAcountryisthecountryoforigin(evenifanotherisaBerneConventioncountry);butifnoneofthemisanEEAcountry,andoneofthemisaBerneConventioncountry,thentheBerneConventioncountryisthecountryoforigin.
IftwoormoreBerneConventioncountriesqualify,andnotallofthemareintheEEA(suchasCanada,theUS,orAustralia),thentheBerneConventioncountrywiththeshorte
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英国版权法Copyright law of the United Kingdom 英国 版权法 Copyright