土木工程英文论文.docx
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土木工程英文论文.docx
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土木工程英文论文
Buried tunnel project on the environment
Abstract:
adeeplyburiedtunnelfar-reachingimpactonthe
environment through the waterways with the sinking pipe related.
Under the tunnel on the mainland in the region and the impact of
surface water in the tunnel design and construction method of choice
to play the most important role. In considering the impact of the
recent construction of a problem is the need to trench excavation for
the tunnel may appear to be contaminated soil. And transporting the
excavated soil up to the specialized equipment in order to receive
their storage place is a series of important new technologies and
quality control measures for environmental problems. The most common
is in any construction project will encounter environmental problems,
namely, noise, dust and traffic congestion. In this paper, these
issues and the current technology to address these issues and
measures are discussed.
Key words:
tunnel environment
Characteristics of a Buried deeply buried tunnel tunnel has two
fundamentalcharacteristics:
(1)Itispartofanunderground
structure of the site, to ensure that heavy traffic conditions,
construction, and does not mean that this area is full use of The.
Therefore, the construction space is very valuable.
Will eventually be installed in the location of the river or
canal bottom section of tunnel is very close in other areas to build
manufacturing plants, ways, and this condition is unlikely in the
fieldandreachedthesite.Theadvantagesofplanningand
construction of pipe manufacture and the site will be ready to
separate from the logistical advantages are obvious, there are
extremely easy to implement effective quality control advantages.
-1-
Tunnel work site on the environmental impact is also considerably
less than the construction of the tunnel fully all the circumstances
atthescene;suchasspacerequirementsandconstructionof
transport, these two issues is greatly easing.
Of course, a prerequisite for these benefits is a ready-made for
pipe suitable site. It must meet the conditions for a series of
environmental impact. In the Netherlands such as densely populated
countries, to find a suitable site is not easy, but it is clear that
once selected an available position, can be used repeatedly for quite
adrawacrowd.Therefore,theoverallplanforthetunnel
construction is a common topic for discussion.
Both ends of the structure of a new underground tunnel link to
the original structure to the existing underground, often in fact
across the waters to replace an existing facility, such as ferry or
bridge. It can also be a complement existing facilities in tunnels or
bridges. Whether the decision to build a new tunnel the reason, its
location will be in large part by the constraints of existing
underground structure layout, and its construction design must also
meet the existing transport only by the requirements of minimal
interference.Thismeansthatthelocationinthetunnelarea
designers rarely have a choice, and thus have the position according
to the established conditions and requirements to modify the tunnel
design.
This situation mainly affects the approach roads connecting part
of the tunnel itself. However, because the approach road through the
water by the formation of sub-components, it may require new measures
to control the approaches to the scope of the construction pit
drainage impact.
Buried Tunnel approach roads are almost always located in the
depositionzone,wherethetunnelapproachroaddowntothe
groundwater level below. At its completion, they are impervious
structure, the surrounding water can not penetrate, there's just the
nature of the environmental impact of a simple structure.
-2-
However, during construction, environmental issues will play an
importantrole.Tobuildfromthestructures,constructionof
foundation must be excavated until the water table following a number
of meters deep, the traditional construction method requires the
construction period in the continuous draining of the water. Unless
further measures, or drainage will definitely lower the water level
in the surrounding area, and will lead to a series of undesirable
consequences.Subsidencewilloccur,basedonthesurrounding
buildingsandstructureswillbeaffected,andevendeeppile
foundation soil settlement will also be passed by the friction down
to the pile on the extra load. Subsidence and elevation of the dam
sinking, and agricultural drainage water will be affected.
May also result in a completely different nature of environmental
problems:
the construction area may be contaminated soil. In this
case, the construction of the excavation pit special attention to
requirements and, if possible, should be used, such as soil mixed
with water and water transport by pipeline, special methods. There
must also be able to accommodate an approved place of contaminated
soil.
Number of measures must be taken to prevent the pumping of
contaminated water caused by the rapid distribution of the soil to a
large area on the ground.
Technically speaking, is always possible to eliminate the impact
of these kinds. However, it is extremely complex and do take a lot of
money and time, therefore, tend to look at present the greatest
extent possible the construction of approach roads and tunnels in the
water imported methods. Ideally, the empty pit in the construction of
a drainage of water should be no impact on the approach roads and the
surrounding groundwater single operation.
Theobviousconclusionisthatasfaraspossiblethe
construction pit designed as part of the final product.
Approach a wall can be designed to image the wall of the dam
impervious core in the form of a slurry wall, curtain or plastic
-3-
sheet of steel sheet pile walls common. On the final form (steel
sheet pile wall) (off panel through the use of heavy anchor piles and
soil) to increase its retaining function, you can save valuable space
and can be easily achieved in the water and impermeable floor
connection.
Water under the concrete floor can be built. This approach has
been developed to control the elevation and surface roughness, which
completely drained to the approach road after finishing requires less
work.
Another method is the use of impermeable plastic sheet, add water
to the town of emphasis placed on the bottom and cover the pit slope.
In the Netherlands, this approach not only for the tunnel approaches,
and the groove for the public network segment.
Use large plastic sheet, to the soil to the water for the town
re-placed by a major highway intersection in the play a long-term
good results, it shows that this technology has been widely used.
Soon, the Netherlands, the tunnel approach roads may be to show a
lush green slope, thereby replacing the gray concrete vertical wall.
Approach can also be prefabricated elsewhere and in the form of
installation of floating structures. This method only with trench
excavation and dredging vessels do not have to drain. But not yet
able to adequately address basic problems of buoyancy and appropriate
design.
Buried tunnel project on the environment
Pipe manufacturing approaches to the excavation of underground
water and the discussion of the relationship between the way the
majority can be used to produce the same pipe excavation of the
temporary venues. Expensive solution to bring an unreasonable burden
to the project. Moreover, the manufacture of pipe near the site have
repeatedly flooded the open waters and open to the precast tunnel
segments into the transportation to the dock at the other pipe
section in order to make room. Rarely a large enough place for all of
the pipe manufacturer.
-4-
In short, the choice of the location of manufacturing pipe dock
not chosen as the location of the tunnel approach roads to be
strictlydeterminedbyfunctionalrequirements,sochoosethe
locationofmanufacturingpipedockwiththeadvantagesof
flexibility. Therefore, the manufacture of docks will be allowed to
use the traditional water method, if the reasons listed above that do
not allow the use of traditional water law, and the dock had to
separate from the surrounding water, this places impermeable plastic
plate because of its low cost to have obvious advantages.
Another does not affect the drainage around the water table is
"pumping recharge Law" This law is the foundation of the water into
the pump discharge and pump water through the filter of these tube
wells to the water source recharge area. As long as the penetration
rate is not too large and can be maintained roughly a constant, the
row, when the closed-loop irrigation can be maintained. The new
measures, now being expanded in the Netherlands approaches to the
construction of a pit, but also because the foundation of the dock as
the manufacture of pipe it to be expanded.
Construction of foundation trench trough structure deeply buried
tunnel excavation method is dredging. In this paper, we only stress
theimportanceofdredgingrequirementsoffoundationtrench
excavation method can achieve high accuracy, and this requires that
the work will determine the most suitable type of device. Given the
strict positioning tolerances, preferably dredging boat anchor or
pile in positioning the dredging equipment. However, because they can
not move freely, it could become an obstacle to shipping vessels.
If there is water in the dredging area, or the wave of the impact
of dredging will become the base slot to carry water along the bottom
or sediment accumulation over the place. If the foundation trench
excavation in place pipe for long periods, it will soon form a
deposition.Inthesecircumstances,thebasesectionoftank
excavation and tunnel installation of the interval between the
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