商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释
1.Budget—预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.
2.Return—回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.
3.Portfolio—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling
4.Royalty—专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.
5.Patent—专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.
6.Non-tariffbarrier—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.
7.Franchise—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.
8.Purchasingpower—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.
9.PPP—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity
10.tariff—关税taxleviedbythecustoms
11.barrierstotrade—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.
12.primarycommodities—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials
13.drawback—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported
14.specificduties—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods
15.advaloremduties—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods
16.carriage—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation
17.voluntaryoffer—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer
18.contractingparties—缔约方signatoriesofanagreement
19.forcemajeure—[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty
20.firmoffer—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer
21.offeree—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade
22.hyperinflation—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol
23.inflation—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.
24.protectionism—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports
25.bilateral—双边的oftwosides
26.bundling—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether
27.creditors—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney
28.debtor—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney
29.default—违约failtocarryoutanobligation
30.draft—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney
31.remittance—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent
32.drawer—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter
33.drawee—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn
34.credit-worthiness—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment
35.applicantofanL/C—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C
36.beneficiary—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport
37.confirmingbank—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C
38.reimburse—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent
39.cleancredit—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment
40.sightcredit—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft
41.middleman—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer
42.consignee—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped
43.shippingmarks—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation
44.insurancepolicy—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks
45.title—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty
46.insured—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy
47.premium—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract
48.potentialloss—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur
49.claim—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy
50.margin—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary
51.underwriter—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness52.invoice—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice
pensation—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss
54.pooling—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage
55.multi-modaltransportation—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair
56.redeem—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock
57.settlement—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc
58.exchangerate—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency
59.moneycirculation—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices
60.devaluation—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies
61.reserve—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand
62.investment—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns
63.quota—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity
64.VER—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry'sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry
65.intellectualproperty—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right
66.taxholiday—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied
67.jointventure—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms
68.gilts—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment
69.cost-effective—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure
70.anti-dumping—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured
71.mandate—授权authoritygiventoperformaduty
72.contractingparty—缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement
73.Visibletrade有形贸易:
Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)
74.Invisibletrade无形贸易:
Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.
75.FDI(foreigndirectinvestments)ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.
76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:
Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.
77.Bonds债券:
Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.
78.Licensing许可经营:
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.
79.Franchising特许经营:
afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
80.Franchiser特许方:
Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
81.Franchisee被特许方:
Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.
82.GNP国民生产总值:
GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
83.GDP国内生产总值:
GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
84.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.
85.Incomedistribution收入分布:
Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.
86.Freetradearea自由贸易区:
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy
87.Customsunion关税同盟:
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy
88.Commonmarket共同市场:
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.
89.EconomicUnion(EU)经济同盟:
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.
90.ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司,总部istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.
91.Homecounty母国:
Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.
92.Hostcountry东道国:
Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.
93.Absoluteadvantage绝对利益:
Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,landandlabor)
100.Comparativeadvantage比较利益:
Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.
1..Internationaltrade国际贸易:
Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.
2.Importduties进口关税:
Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea
3.Exportduties出口关税:
Taxesleviedongoodsleav
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