数字示波器外文翻译文献.docx
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数字示波器外文翻译文献.docx
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数字示波器外文翻译文献
数字示波器外文翻译文献
(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
原文:
DesignandFPGAimplementationofawirelesshyperchaoticcommunicationsystemforsecurereal-timeimagetransmission
Abstract
Inthispaper,weproposeanddemonstrateexperimentallyanewwirelessdigitalencryptionhyperchaoticcommunicationsystembasedonradiofrequency(RF)communicationprotocolsforsecurereal-timedataorimagetransmission.AreconfigurablehardwarearchitectureisdevelopedtoensuretheinterconnectionbetweentwofieldprogrammablegatearraydevelopmentplatformsthroughXBeeRFmodules.Toensurethesynchronizationandencryptionofdatabetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver,afeedbackmaskinghyperchaoticsynchronizationtechniquebasedonadynamicfeedbackmodulationhasbeenimplementedtodigitallysynchronizetheencrypterhyperchaoticsystems.TheobtainedexperimentalresultsshowtherelevanceoftheideaofcombiningXBee(ZigbeeorWirelessFidelity)protocol,knownforitshighnoiseimmunity,tosecurehyperchaoticcommunications.Infact,wehaverecoveredtheinformationdataorimagecorrectlyafterreal-timeencrypteddataorimagetransmissiontestsatamaximumdistance(indoorrange)ofmorethan30mandwithmaximumdigitalmodulationrateof625,000baudallowingawirelessencryptedvideotransmissionrateof25imagespersecondwithaspatialresolutionof128×128pixels.Theobtainedperformanceofthecommunicationsystemissuitableforsecuredataorimagetransmissionsinwirelesssensornetworks.
Introduction
Overthepastdecades,theconfidentialityofmultimediacommunicationssuchasaudio,images,andvideohasbecomeincreasinglyimportantsincecommunicationsofdigitalproductsoverthenetwork(wired/wireless)occurmorefrequently.Therefore,theneedforsecuredataandtransmissionisincreasingdramaticallyanddefinedbytherequiredlevelsofsecuritydependingonthepurposeofcommunication.Tomeettheserequirements,awidevarietyofcryptographicalgorithmshavebeenproposed.Inthiscontext,themainchallengeofstreamciphercryptographyrelatestothegenerationoflongunpredictablekeysequences.Moreprecisely,thesequencehastoberandom,itsperiodmustbelarge,andthevariouspatternsofagivenlengthmustbeuniformlydistributedoverthesequence.TraditionalcipherslikeDES,3DES,IDEA,RSA,orAESarelessefficientforreal-timesecuremultimediadataencryptionsystemsandexhibitsomedrawbacksandweaknessinthehighstreamdataencryption.Indeed,theincreaseandavailabilityofahigh-powercomputationmachineallowaforcebruteattackagainsttheseciphers.Moreover,forsomeapplicationswhichrequireahigh-levelcomputationandwherealargecomputationaltimeandhighcomputingpowerareneeded(forexample,encryptionoflargedigitalimages),thesecryptosystemssufferfromlow-levelefficiency.Consequently,theseencryptionschemesarenotsuitableformanyhigh-speedapplicationsduetotheirslowspeedinreal-timeprocessingandsomeotherissuessuchasinthehandlingofvariousdataformatting.Overtherecentyears,considerableresearcheshavebeentakentodevelopnewchaoticorhyperchaoticsystemsandfortheirpromisingapplicationsinreal-timeencryptionandcommunication.Infact,ithasbeenshownthatchaoticsystemsaregoodcandidatesfordesigningcryptosystemswithdesiredproperties.Themostprominentissensitivitydependenceoninitialconditionsandsystemparameters,andunpredictabletrajectories.
Furthermore,chaos-basedandotherdynamicalsystembasedalgorithmshavemanyimportantpropertiessuchasthepseudorandomproperties,ergodicityandnonperiodicity.Thesepropertiesmeetsomerequirementssuchassensitivitytokeys,diffusion,andmixinginthecryptographiccontext.Therefore,chaoticdynamicsisexpectedtoprovideafastandeasywayforbuildingsuperiorperformancecryptosystems,andthepropertiesofchaoticmapssuchassensitivitytoinitialconditionsandrandom-likebehaviorhaveattractedtheattentiontodevelopdataencryptionalgorithmssuitableforsecuremultimediacommunications.Untilrecently,chaoticcommunicationhasbeenasubjectofmajorinterestinthefieldofwirelesscommunications.Manytechniquesbasedonchaoshavebeenproposedsuchasadditivechaosmasking(ACM),wheretheanalogmessagesignalisaddedtotheoutputofthechaosgeneratorwithinthetransmitter.In,chaosshiftkeyingisusedwherethebinarymessagesignalselectsthecarriersignalfromtwoormoredifferentchaoticattractors.Authorsusechaoticmodulationwherethemessageinformationmodulatesaparameterofthechaoticgenerator.Chaoscontrolmethodsrelyonthefactthatsmallperturbationscausethesymbolicdynamicsofachaoticsystemtotrackaprescribedsymbolsequence.In,thereceiversystemisdesignedinaninversemannertoensuretherecoveryoftheencryptionsignal.Animpulsivesynchronizationschemeisemployedtosynchronizechaotictransmittersandreceivers.However,allofthesetechniquesdonotprovidearealandpracticalsolutiontothechallengingissueofchaoticcommunicationwhichisbasedonextremesensitivityofchaoticsynchronizationtoboththeadditivechannelnoiseandparametermismatches.Precisely,sincechaosissensitivetosmallvariationsofitsinitialconditionsandparameters,itisverydifficulttosynchronizetwochaoticsystemsinacommunicationscheme.Someproposedsynchronizationtechniqueshaveimprovedtherobustnesstoparametermismatchesasreportedin,whereimpulsivechaoticsynchronizationandanopen-loop-closed-loopbasedcouplingschemeareproposed,respectively.Otherauthorsproposedtoimprovetherobustnessofchaoticsynchronizationtochannelnoise,whereacoupledlatticeinsteadofcoupledsinglemapsisusedtodecreasethemaster-slavesynchronizationerror.In,symbolicdynamics-basednoisereductionandcodingareproposed.Someresearchintoequalizationalgorithmsforchaoticcommunicationsystemsarealsoproposed.Forotherrelatedresultsintheliterature,see.However,noneofthemweretestedthrougharealchannelunderrealtransmissionconditions.Digitalsynchronizationcanovercomethefailedattemptstorealizeexperimentallyaperformedchaoticcommunicationsystem.Inparticular,whentechniquesexhibitanydifferencebetweenthemaster/transmitterandslave/receiversystems,itisduetoadditiveinformationornoisechannel(disturbedchaoticdynamics)whichbreaksthesymmetrybetweenthetwosystems,leadingtoanaccuratenon-recoveryofthetransmittedinformationsignalatthereceiver.In,anoriginalsolutiontothehardproblemofchaoticsynchronizationhighsensibilitytochannelnoisehasbeenproposed.Thissolution,basedonacontrolleddigitalregeneratedchaoticsignalatthereceiver,hasbeentestedandvalidatedexperimentallyinarealchannelnoiseenvironmentthrougharealizedwirelessdigitalchaoticcommunicationsystembasedonzonalintercommunicationglobal-standard,wherebatterylifewaslong,whichwaseconomicaltodeployandwhichexhibitedefficientuseofresources,knownastheZigBeeprotocol.However,thissynchronizationtechniquebecomessensibletohighchannelnoisefromahighertransmissionrateof115kbps,limitingtheuseoftheZigBeeandWirelessFidelity(Wi-Fi)protocolswhichpermitwirelesstransmissionsupto250kbpsand65Mbps,respectively.
Consequently,noreliablecommercialchaos-basedcommunicationsystemisusedtodatetothebestofourknowledge.Therefore,therearestillplentifulissuestoberesolvedbeforechaos-basedsystemscanbeputintopracticaluse.Toovercomethesedrawbacks,weproposeinthispaperadigitalfeedbackhyperchaoticsynchronizationandsuggesttheuseofadvancedwirelesscommunicationtechnologies,characterizedbyhighnoiseimmunity,toexploitdigitalhyperchaoticmodulationadvantagesforrobustsecuredatatransmissions.Inthiscontext,asresultsoftherapidgrowthofcommunicationtechnologies,intermsofreliabilityandresistancetochannelnoise,aninterestingcommunicationprotocolforwirelesspersonalareanetworks(WPANs,i.e.,ZigBeeorZigBeeProLow-Rate-WPANprotocols)andwirelesslocalareanetwork(WLAN,i.e.,Wi-FiprotocolWLAN)isdeveloped.TheseprotocolsareidentifiedbytheIEEE802.15.4andIEEE802.11standardsandknownunderthenameZigBeeandWi-Ficommunicationprotocols,respectively.TheseprotocolsaredesignedtocommunicatedatathroughhostileRadioFrequency(RF)environmentsandtoprovideaneasy-to-usewirelessdatasolutioncharacterizedbysecure,low-power,andreliablewirelessnetworkarchitectures.Thesepropertiesareveryattractiveforresolvingtheproblemsofchaoticcommunicationsespeciallythehighnoiseimmunityproperty.Hence,ourideaistoassociatechaoticcommunicationwiththeWLANorWPANcommunicationprotocols.However,thisassociationneedsanumericalgenerationofthechaoticbehaviorsincetheXBeeprotocolisbasedondigitalcommunications.Inthehardwarearea,advancedmoderndigitalsignalprocessingdevices,suchasfieldprogrammablegatearray(FPGA),havebeenwidelyusedtogeneratenumericallythechaoticdynamicsortheencryptionkeys.Theadvantageofthesetechniquesisthattheparametermismatchproblemdoesnotexistcontrarytotheanalogtechniques.Inaddition,theyofferalargepossibleintegrationofchaoticsystemsinthemostrecentdigitalcommunicationtechnologiessuchastheZigBeecommunicationprotocol.Inthispaper,awirelesshyperchaoticcommunicationsystembasedondynamicfeedbackmodulationandRFXBeeprotocolsisinvestigatedandrealizedexperimentally.ThetransmitterandthereceiverareimplementedseparatelyontwoXilinxVirtex-IIProcircuitsandconn
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