Building Information Modeling翻译.docx
- 文档编号:10496929
- 上传时间:2023-02-14
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:14
- 大小:29.71KB
Building Information Modeling翻译.docx
《Building Information Modeling翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Building Information Modeling翻译.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
BuildingInformationModeling翻译
BuildingInformationModeling(BIM)
BIMisaprocessthatinvolvescreatingandusinganintelligent3Dmodeltoinformandcommunicateprojectdecisions.Design,visualization,simulation,andcollaborationenabledbyAutodeskBIMsolutionsprovidegreaterclarityforallstakeholdersacrosstheprojectlifecycle.BIMmakesiteasiertoachieveprojectandbusinessgoals.
BuildingInformationModeling(BIM) isaprocessinvolvingthegenerationandmanagementofdigitalrepresentationsofphysicalandfunctionalcharacteristicsofplaces. BuildingInformationModels (BIMs)arefiles(oftenbutnotalwaysinproprietaryformatsandcontainingproprietarydata)whichcanbeexchangedornetworkedtosupportdecision-makingaboutaplace.CurrentBIMsoftwareisusedbyindividuals,businessesandgovernmentagencieswhoplan,design,construct,operateandmaintaindiversephysicalinfrastructures,fromwater,wastewater,electricity,gas,refuseandcommunicationutilitiestoroads,bridgesandports,fromhouses,apartments,schoolsandshopstooffices,factories,warehousesandprisons,etc.
TheconceptofBIMhasexistedsincethe1970s.ThetermBuildingInformationModelfirstappearedina1992paperbyG.A.vanNederveenandF.P.Tolman.However,thetermsBuildingInformationModelandBuildingInformationModeling(includingtheacronym"BIM")hadnotbeenpopularlyuseduntil10yearslaterwhen autodesk releasedthewhitepaperentitled"BuildingInformationModeling".JerryLaiserinhelpedpopularizeandstandardizethetermasacommonnameforthedigitalrepresentationofthebuildingprocessasthenofferedunderdifferingterminologyby Graphisoft as"VirtualBuilding", Bentleysystemeas"IntegratedProjectModels",andbyAutodeskor Vectorworks as"BuildingInformationModeling"tofacilitateexchangeandinteroperabilityofinformationindigitalformat.
AccordingtoLaiserinandothers, thefirstimplementationofBIMwasunderthe VirtualBuilding conceptby Graphisoft's ArchiCAD,initsdebutin1987.
TheNationalBuildingInformationModelStandardProjectCommitteehasthefollowingdefinition:
BuildingInformationModeling(BIM)isadigitalrepresentationofphysicalandfunctionalcharacteristicsofafacility.ABIMisasharedknowledgeresourceforinformationaboutafacilityformingareliablebasisfordecisionsduringitslife-cycle;definedasexistingfromearliestconceptiontodemolition.
Traditionalbuildingdesignwaslargelyreliantupontwo-dimensionaldrawings(plans,elevations,sections,etc.).Buildinginformationmodelingextendsthisbeyond3D,augmentingthethreeprimaryspatialdimensions(width,heightanddepth)withtimeasthefourthdimension(4D)andcostasthefifth(5D),etc.BIMthereforecoversmorethanjustgeometry.Italsocoversspatialrelationships,lightanalysis,geographicinformation,andquantitiesandpropertiesofbuildingcomponents(forexample,manufacturers'details).
BIMinvolvesrepresentingadesignascombinationsof"objects"–vagueandundefined,genericorproduct-specific,solidshapesorvoid-spaceoriented(liketheshapeofaroom),thatcarrytheirgeometry,relationsandattributes.BIMdesigntoolsallowextractionofdifferentviewsfromabuildingmodelfordrawingproductionandotheruses.Thesedifferentviewsareautomaticallyconsistent,beingbasedonasingledefinitionofeachobjectinstance. BIMsoftwarealsodefinesobjectsparametrically;thatis,theobjectsaredefinedasparametersandrelationstootherobjects,sothatifarelatedobjectisamended,dependentoneswillautomaticallyalsochange. Eachmodelelementcancarryattributesforselectingandorderingthemautomatically,providingcostestimatesaswellasmaterialtrackingandordering.
Fortheprofessionalsinvolvedinaproject,BIMenablesavirtualinformationmodeltobehandedfromthedesignteam(tothemaincontractorandsubcontractorsandthenontotheowner/operator;eachprofessionaladdsdiscipline-specificdatatothesinglesharedmodel.Thisreducesinformationlossesthattraditionallyoccurredwhenanewteamtakes'ownership'oftheproject,andprovidesmoreextensiveinformationtoownersofcomplexstructures.
UseofBIMgoesbeyondtheplanninganddesignphaseoftheproject,extendingthroughoutthebuildinglifecycle,supportingprocessesincluding costmanagemencostmanagement, constructionmanagement, projectmanagement and facilityfacilityoperation.
Buildinginformationmodelsspanthewholeconcept-to-occupationtime-span.Toensureefficientmanagementofinformationprocessesthroughoutthisspan,aBIMmanagermightbeappointed.TheBIMmanagerisretainedbyadesignbuildteamontheclient'sbehalffromthepre-designphaseonwardstodevelopandtotracktheobject-orientedBIMagainstpredictedandmeasuredperformanceobjectives,supportingmulti-disciplinarybuildinginformationmodelsthatdriveanalysis,schedules,take-offandlogistics.CompaniesarealsonowconsideringdevelopingBIMsinvariouslevelsofdetail,sincedependingontheapplicationofBIM,moreorlessdetailisneeded,andthereisvaryingmodelingeffortassociatedwithgeneratingbuildinginformationmodelsatdifferentlevelsofdetail.
Participantsinthebuildingprocessareconstantlychallengedtodeliversuccessfulprojectsdespitetightbudgets,limitedmanpower,acceleratedschedules,andlimitedorconflictinginformation.Thesignificantdisciplinessuchas architectural,structuraland MEP designsshouldbewellcoordinated,astwothingscan’ttakeplaceatthesameplaceandtime.BuildingInformationModelingaidsincollisiondetectionattheinitialstage,identifyingtheexactlocationofdiscrepancies.
TheBIMconceptenvisagesvirtualconstructionofafacilitypriortoitsactualphysicalconstruction,inordertoreduceuncertainty,improvesafety,workoutproblems,andsimulateandanalyzepotentialimpacts. Sub-contractorsfromeverytradecaninputcriticalinformationintothemodelbeforebeginningconstruction,withopportunitiestopre-fabricateorpre-assemblesomesystemsoff-site.Wastecanbeminimisedon-siteandproductsdeliveredonajust-in-timebasisratherthanbeingstock-piledon-site.
Quantitiesandsharedpropertiesofmaterialscanbeextractedeasily.Scopesofworkcanbeisolatedanddefined.Systems,assembliesandsequencescanbeshowninarelativescalewiththeentirefacilityorgroupoffacilities.BIMalsopreventserrorsbyenablingconflictor'clashdetection'wherebythecomputermodelvisuallyhighlightstotheteamwherepartsofthebuilding(e.g.:
structuralframeandbuildingservicespipesorducts)maywronglyintersect.
BIMcanbridgetheinformationlossassociatedwithhandingaprojectfromdesignteam,toconstructionteamandtobuildingowner/operator,byallowingeachgrouptoaddtoandreferencebacktoallinformationtheyacquireduringtheirperiodofcontributiontotheBIMmodel.Thiscanyieldbenefitstothefacilityowneroroperator.
Forexample,abuildingownermayfindevidenceofaleakinhisbuilding.Ratherthanexploringthephysicalbuilding,hemayturntothemodelandseethatawater valveislocatedinthesuspectlocation.Hecouldalsohaveinthemodelthespecificvalvesize,manufacturer,partnumber,andanyotherinformationeverresearchedinthepast,pendingadequatecomputingpower.SuchproblemswereinitiallyaddressedbyLeiteandAkinciwhendevelopingavulnerabilityrepresentationoffacilitycontentsandthreatsforsupportingtheidentificationofvulnerabilitiesinbuildingemergencies.
Dynamicinformationaboutthebuilding,suchassensormeasurementsandcontrolsignalsfromthebuildingsystems,canalsobeincorporatedwithinBIMtosupportanalysisofbuildingoperationandmaintenance.
DuetothecomplexityofgatheringalltherelevantinformationwhenworkingwithBIMonabuildingprojectsomecompanieshavedevelopedsoftwaredesignedspecificallytoworkinaBIMframework.Thesepackages(e.g.:
AutodeskRevit,ARCHIBUSEIMwithBIM4.0,ArchiCAD)differfromarchitecturaldraftingtoolssuchas Autocadand Vectorworksbyallowingtheadditionoffurtherinformation(time,cost,manufacturers'details,sustainabilityandmaintenanceinformation,etc.)tothebuildingmodel.
BIMisoftenassociatedwith lndustryfoundationclasses (IFCs)and aecxml –datastructuresforrepresentinginformation.IFCshavebeendevelopedbybybuildingsmart (theformerInternationalAllianceforInteroperability),asaneutral,non-proprietaryoropenstandardforsharingBIMdataamongdifferentsoftwareapplications(someproprietarydatastructureshavebeendevelopedbyCADvendorsincorporatingBIMintotheirsoftware).
PoorsoftwareinteroperabilityhaslongbeenregardedasanobstacletoindustryefficiencyingeneralandtoBIMadoptioninparticular.InAugust2004theUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(Nlst)issuedareportwhichconservativelyestimatedthat$15.8billionwaslostannuallybytheU.S.capitalfacilitiesindustryduetoinadequateinteroperabilityarisingfrom"thehighlyfragmentednatureoftheindustry,theindustry’scontinuedpaperbasedbusinesspractices,alackofstandardization,andinconsistenttechnologyadoptionamongstakeholders".
AnearlyexampleofanationallyapprovedBIMstandardistheAISC(Americanlnstituteofsteelconstrution)-approvedCIS/2standard,anon-proprietarystandardwithitsrootsintheUK.
TherehavebeenattemptsatcreatingaBIMforolder,pre-existingfacilities.Theygenerallyreferencekeymetricssuchasthe Facilityconditionlndex(FCI).Thevalidityofthesemodelswillneedtobemonitoredovertime,becausetryingtomodelabuildingc
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Building Information Modeling翻译 Modeling 翻译