英语四级阅读练习及答案41795.docx
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英语四级阅读练习及答案41795.docx
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英语四级阅读练习及答案41795
英语四级阅读练习及答案
PassageOne:
Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.
Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.
Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”forthetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let’stakeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:
heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled(喷气推进式)plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel(涡轮)inaturbojet(涡轮喷气发动机)mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.
Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescience.
appliedscientist
A) doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature
B) appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems
C) providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist
D) isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems
2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow
A) purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscience
B) theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature
C) appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone
D) appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist
3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedin
A) thelossoftheneedforspecialists
B) greaterinterdependenceofeachscience
C) greaterdependenceofeachscience
D) theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists
4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare .
A) examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences
B) totallydependentsciences
C) amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman
D) bothB)andC)
5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)meansthat
A) scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace
B) sciencehasdeveloped morefieldofhumanendeavor
C) thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear
D) scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon
PassageTwo:
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.
Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.
Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.
totheauthor, .
A) allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends
B) friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachother
C) everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriends
D) everystudentshas6friends
7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceandbackgroundbecause
A) itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground
B) thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly
C) friendsneedtoknowallthesethings
D) thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends
8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”means .
A) usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking
B) keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledo
C) havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterests
D) havingthesamebackground
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage
A) Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinions
B) Friendsneverarguewitheachother
C) Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.
D) Someone’shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.
10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people
A) mustholdfriendshipceremonies
B) havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground
C) shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandthesamerace
D) shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions
PassageThree:
Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfrictionwithcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyasusurpation(篡夺,夺取)oftheirrights.Constitutionally,therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe(指示)tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.Legislatures(立法机构)havebeengivenpowerbyStateConstitutionswhichmakethemthemostimportantpolicy-makingagentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishtheframework(机构)foreducation;theymakedirectappropriationsforeducation;theycreateeducationalinstitutions;andtheydeterminewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsaretobeauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated(废除).
TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregardingpolicyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentralagencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmaydetermineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,thepracticalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschoolsinverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocalofficersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensibleinterference
11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentofeducation,somecommunitiesfeelthat .
A) theirrightsareimproved
B) theirrightsareignored
C) theirrightsareviolated
D) theirrightsareprotected
12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrightsareNOTbelongtothestate
A) Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.
B) Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducationalprograms.
C) Therighttobudgetschoolprograms
D) Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.
13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministeringPolicies
A) Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.
B) ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmentadministeritspolicies.
C) ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.
D) Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationtoadministertheeducationalprogram.
14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducationalsituation
A) Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloveritsschools
B) Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthelocaldistricts
C) Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocaldistricts.
D) LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisioniftheythinkitisakindofinterference
15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethearticle
A) TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies
B) TheCentralizationofAuthorityinStateDepartmentofEducation
C) TheRoleoftheStateinEducation
D) TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts
PassageFour:
Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:
thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherecentincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbyles
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