18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十六科普研究类.docx
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18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十六科普研究类.docx
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18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十六科普研究类
考点十六 科普研究类
A
限时7分
Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmeninwhichdeathsfromheartdiseaseweremorethan50percentloweramongthosewhoconsumed
atleastanounceofsaltwaterfishperdaycomparedto
thosewhoneveratefish.
TheDutchresearchisoneofthreehumanstudiesthatgivestrongscientificsupporttothelongheldbeliefthateatingfishcanprovide
healthbenefits,particularlytotheheart.
HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.
Butprevious
researchhasshownthatthelevelofheartdiseaseislowerinculturesthatconsumemorefishthanAmericansdo.Therearefewerheartdiseasedeaths,forexample,amongtheEskimosofGreenland,whoconsumeabout14ouncesoffishaday,andamongtheJapanese,whosedailyfishconsumptionaveragesmorethan3ounces.
For20years,theDutchstudyfollowed852middleagedmen,20percentofwhomatenofish.Atthestartofthestudy,averagefishconsumptionwasabouttwothirdsofanounceeachday,withmoremeneatingleanfishthanfattyfish.
Duringthenexttwodecades,78ofthemendiedfromheartdisease.Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish,evenatlevelsfarlowerthanthoseoftheJapaneseorEskimos.This_relationshipwastrueregardlessof
otherfactorssuchasage,highbloodpressure,orbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.
篇章导读:
本文是一篇说明文。
一项研究表明,经常吃鱼对人的健康有好处,特别是在预防心脏疾病方面。
1.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?
A.Ads.B.Movies.
C.Briefs.D.HealthandDiet.
答案 D 推理判断题。
本文主要介绍了吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究报告,应该出现在报纸的饮食与健康版面。
故选D。
2.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A.thehighincidenceofheartdiseaseinsomecountries
B.thechangesinpeople'sdiet
C.theeffectoffisheatingonpeople'shealth
D.thedailyfishconsumptionofpeopleindifferentcultures
答案 C 主旨大意题。
根据第一段内容“Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmen...”可知,本文主要是关于经常吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究发现。
故选C。
3.Thephrase“Thisrelationship”inParagraph5referstotheconnectionbetween________andthelevelofheartdisease.
A.theamountoffisheatenB.regularfisheating
C.thekindoffisheatenD.peopleofdifferentareas
答案 B 词义猜测题。
根据前一句“Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish,...”可知,画线部分指的是规律性地吃鱼和心脏病水平的关系。
故选B。
4.Fromthepassageweknowtheauthorismostprobably________.
A.aheartdoctor
B.ascienceresearcher
C.asupporterofhealthyeating
D.auniversitystudent
答案 C 推理判断题。
根据第一段的内容可知,每天吃鱼可以预防心脏病,同时说明这是一项荷兰人的研究发现。
另外,文中一直在介绍该研究的发现,并没有说明作者的身份,因此可以推断他应该是一个健康饮食的支持者。
故选C。
1.consumevt.消费;消耗 2.providevt.提供
3.previousadj.以前的
1.compare...to...把……比作……;把……与……相比
2.regardlessof不管,不顾
原文:
HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.(with复合结构)
译文:
在美国,心脏病是头号杀手,每年因心脏病引起的死亡人数超过550000人。
仿写:
Shefollowedtheguidewith_her_head_down.
她低着头,跟在导游后面。
B
限时7分
Talkingplantsmightsoundlikecharactersinafairytale.Butrecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherandwithotherlivingthingsinasurprisingnumberofways.Tounderstandthem,scientistssay,wejusthavetolearntheirlanguage.Farmersareespeciallyinterestedinwhatplantshavetosay.
“Plantsareabletocommunicatewithallsortsoforganisms(有机体).Theycancommunicatewithgiantbacteria,withotherplantsandwithinsects.Theydothischemically,”saidCahill,anEcologyProfessoroftheUniversityofAlbertainCanada.
Plantscientistsarejustbeginningtounderstandthischemical“language”.Cahillsaysstudieshaveshown,forexample,thatplantscanevaluate
conditionsintheirimmediateenvironmentandtakeappropriateactions.Plantshaveanability,forexample,tosignalpainordiscomfortcausedbyanythingfromtemperatureextremestoaninsectattack.JackSchultz,aprofessorofchemicalecologyattheUniversityofMissouri,sayswhenaplantsenses
thatit'sbeingeaten,itcannotwalkawayfromtrouble;onthecontrary
,itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.
“Theirlanguageisachemicallanguage,anditinvolveschemicalsthatmovethroughtheairthatareeasytobechangeable,andmostofallaresmellsthatwearefamiliarwith,”Schultzexplained.
“Allplantsrespondedto
theattackbychangingtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,”Schultzrecalled.“Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.
”
Studieshavealsoshownthatplantsunderattackreleasepleasantchemicals.Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.
Intheend,plants'abilitytocommunicatetheirneeds—andourabilitytounderstandthem—couldhelpfarmersreducetheuseofpoisonouschemicals,cutoperatingcostsandlimitdamagetotheenvironment.
篇章导读:
这是一篇科普说明文。
文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。
5.Therecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscan________.
A.communicatewithotherlivingthingsinachemicalway
B.hardlyreacttoanysuddenchangeintemperature
C.useaveryspecialchemicallanguagewhichisfamiliartous
D.respondtotheattackbygivingoffpoisonouschemicals
答案 A 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段可知,植物能够与其他生物通过化学语言的方式进行交流。
故选A。
6.Whenbeingeatenbyaninsect,theplantwill________.
A.walkawayfromtrouble
B.changeitschemistrytokilltheinsect
C.releaseachemicalvaporto“ask”otherplantsforhelp
D.giveoffnicechemicalstoattractfriendlyinsectskillingthepest
答案 D 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“whenaplantsensesthatit'sbeingeaten,...itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.”以及文章倒数第二段第二句“Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.”可知,当植物被昆虫蚕食的时候,植物会释放出一种化学蒸汽,这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。
故选D。
7.Theunderlinedword“alert”mostprobablymeans“________”.
A.warnB.protect
C.threatenD.allow
答案 A 词义猜测题。
根据上下文语境,植物在遭受攻击时会释放出一种化学物质,这种化学物质有两种功能,一是警示危险的存在;二是发出求助信息。
由此可知,此处的alert意为“警示,告诫”,即warn。
故选A。
8.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Communicationbetweenplants
B.Achemical“language”
C.Plantscantalk
D.Howplantsprotectthemselves
答案 C 标题判断题。
文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。
C项既能概括文章的主题又生动风趣,尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。
故选C。
1.evaluatevt.评估;评价
2.sensevt.察觉;意识到 n.感官;意识;理性
1.onthecontrary正相反,相反地
2.respondto对……做出反应
原文:
Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.(eventhough引导让步状语从句)
译文:
但是我们非常吃惊地发现,附近的植物也改变了自身的化学物质来保护自己,即使这些植物并不是实验的一部分。
仿写:
Wewon'tchangeourplaneven_though_it_rains_tomorrow.
即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
C
限时8分
Thehumanbodyisanamazingmachine.It'stough,andweusuallyrecoverfromillnessorinjuryonourown,withoutthehelpof
adoctor.Butwhathappenswhenweneedmedicaltreatment?
Inthepast,somepeoplewenttoahospitaltoseeamedicaldoctor.Otherspreferredtraditionaltreatments,suchasherbalmedicine(中药)oracupuncture(针灸).Thesetwotypesofmedicine—onemodernandWesternandtheotherancientandEastern—usedtohavenothingtodowitheachother.
Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguncombiningbothmodernmedicalscienceandmoretraditionaltreatments.Thisnewkindofmedicineisoftencalledintegrativemedicinebecauseitintegrates,orcombines,differenttypesofmedicalapproaches
.Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineincludepreventing_illness_by_helping_people_
stay_healthy,_integratingdifferenttypesoftreatmentsaccordingtopatientneeds,andconsideringthehealthofthewholepersonratherthanconcentratingonaparticularillnessorinjury.
OnehealthorganizationinAmericahasopeneditsIntegrativeMedicineandWellnessCenter.Atthecenter,membersareoffereddifferentservices.Thosesufferingbackachecantrymassagetorelax
theirmusclesandencouragetheflowofhealingenergyintheirbody.Thosewithallergiesarehelpedtodeveloptheirbody'snaturalresistance.Andthosewhoaren'till,butwanttoimprovetheirstrengthandfocustheirmind,taketaichioryogoclasses.
Integrativemedicinepatientsappreciatehavinganalternativetosurgeryortodrugsandtheirharmfulsideeffects.Theyalsoenjoyactivitiesandtreatmentsthatmakethemfeelbettereveniftheyarenotsick.Andeconomically
,preventingillnessismuchlessexpensivethanahospitalstay.
AccordingtoDrAndrewWeil,founderofthePrograminIntegrativeMedicineattheUniversityofArizona,integrativemedicinecombinesthebestpartsofWesternmedicinewith
traditionaltherapies.Andbecausebothdoctorsandpatientsareworkingtopreventillness,theybecomepartnerswiththesamegoalinsteadofstrangerswhoseeeachotheronlywhenthepatientissick.
篇章导读:
这是一篇科普说明文。
文章主要介绍了用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病的价值。
9.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Westernmedicine
B.Acupunctureandherbalmedicine
C.Changesinmedicaleducation
D.Combiningmodernandtraditionalmedicine
答案 D 标题判断题。
这篇文章主要介绍的是采用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病,A、B、C都很片面,所以以D为标题更为恰当。
故选D。
10.Byusingtheunderlinedstatement“preventingillnessbyhelpingpeoplestayhealthy”inParagraph2,thewriterwantsto________.
A.provideadviceonhowtostayhealthy
B.describeaprincipleofintegrativemedicine
C.recommendmodernmedicineovertraditionalmedicine
D.explainwhysomepeopledoubttheeffectivenessofnewtreatments
答案 B 推理判断题。
根据画线部分前面的“Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineinclude”可知,作者写这句话意在描述中西结合药物的原理。
故选B。
11.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofintegrativemedicine?
A.Havingahe
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