FCE 常用从句 1.docx
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FCE 常用从句 1.docx
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FCE常用从句1
FCE常用从句
1.现在时的时间从句{口语中常用}
Assoonas...do/does...,...will/won’tdo...一...就...
When...do/does...,...will/won’tdo...当...,...
...do/does...before...do/does...在...之前
...will/won’tdo...before...do/does...在...之前
eg.IeatbreakfastbeforeIgotoschool.
Iwon’tgetmarriedbeforeIgraduatefromcollege.
{注意:
时间状语从句使用一般现在时,主句可以使用一般现在时或将来时}
--其他的从句引导词【用法同上】
bythetime...直到...{I’lldohomeworkbythetimewegohome.}
until...到...{Iwillwaituntilyouarrive.}
once...一旦...{Onceyouopenit,youmustfinisheatingitinoneday.}
after...在...之后{AfterIeatbreakfast,Iwillgotoschool.}
thenexttime...下一次...{Bringsomemoneythenexttimeyoucomehere.}
2.过去时的时间从句{故事写作中常用}
While/As...was/weredoing...,...did...
When...did...,...was/weredoing...
Eg.WhileRandywastakingashower,Hankcalledhim.
WhenRandycameoutoftheshower,Hankwascryingonthefloor.
After...haddone...,...did...在...结束后,...才发生
Before...did...,...haddone...在...发生前,...已经结束了
Bythetime...did...,...haddone...到...结束的时候,...已经结束了
Eg.AfterIhadtoldajoke,everyonelaughed.
BeforeRandylaughed,Hankhadbeatenhimself.
BythetimeHankbeathimself,Randyhadgonetothetoilet.
After...hadbeendoing...,...did...在...持续一段时间后,...发生了
Before/Bythetime...did...,...hadbeendoing...在...发生之前/到...发生的时候,...持续了一段时间
Eg.AfterIhadbeenworkingasateacherforawhile,Irealizeditwastheperfectjobforme.
BeforeIgotanyrecognition(认可),Ihadbeenworkingreallyhard.
Cleftsentence{分裂句}--weuseittoemphasizeapartinthesentence{用来强调句子中的某个部分}
Itis+强调部分+that+句子剩余部分{现在时的句子}
Itwas+强调部分+that+句子剩余部分{过去时的句子}
【注意:
强调部分如果是人,可以用who代替that】
Eg.Hetookpartinthesingingcompetitionlastyear.
--Itwaslastyearthathetookpartinthesingingcompetition.
3.结果状语从句{口语和写作中均常用}
too+adj./adv.(+forsbtodo)太...而不能...
eg.Youaretoooldtoplayhide-and-seek.
adj./adv.enough(+forsbtodo)足够...而能...
enough+n.足够的...
eg.Herhandsaresmallenoughtowearthatpairgloves.
Hehasenoughmoneytobuywhateverhewants.
so+adj./adv.+that+句子如此...以至于...
eg.Heissocrazythatnoonetalkstohim.
--somany+名词复数+that+句子如此多的...以至于...
--somuch+不可数名词+that+句子如此多的...以至于...
eg.Therearesomanypeopleintheworldthatwecanbarelyfeedeveryone.
Hehasdrunktoomuchwaterthathekeepsongoingtothetoilet.
such+n.+that+句子如此...以至于...
eg.Heissuchanaive(天真的)personthatheliterallybelievesanythingheistold.
{sucha/an+adj.+that+句子}
--suchalotof+名词+that+句子“如此多的...”
--suchalongtime如此长的时间
--suchalongway如此长的路程
eg.TennisissointerestingthatIgetexcitedwheneverIplayit.=TennisissuchaninterestingsportthatIgetexcitedwheneverIplayit.
4.定语从句{写作&口语中常用&英语应用中常考}
relativeclause{定语从句}
--definingclause{限定性定语从句}
功能:
修饰限定所修饰名词--去掉后句意不完整
1)指人名词+who/that+动词
指人名词(+who/that)+主语+及物动词
eg.Ilikethegirlwho/thatspeaksEnglishfluently.{使用girl发出的动作修饰限定girl}
Iknowtheperson(who/that)youjusttalkedto.{使用person所承受的动作修饰限定person}
2)指物名词+which/that+动词
指物名词(+which/that)+主语+及物动词
eg.Iliketoreadthebookwhich/thattellsusaboutHarryPotter.{使用book发出的动词修饰限定book}
Ihavereadthebook(which/that)heborrowedfromthelibrary.
3)地点名词+where+sbdosth“一个某人做某事的地方”
eg.Schoolisaplacewherewestudy.
地点名称+where+thereis/are+名词“一个有着...的地方”
eg.Schoolisaplacewheretherearelotsofstudentsandteachers.
{地点名词+where+不含有地点介词的句子}
4)时间名词+when+sbdosth“一个某人做某事的时间”--常用来修饰限定节日
eg.Birthdayisthetimewhenwehaveabirthdayparty.
{时间名词+when+不含有时间介词的句子}
5)名词1+whose+名词2+动词
名词1+whose+名词2+主语+及物动词
【名词2属于名词1】
{名词+whose+名词的所有物+...}
Eg.Randywhosevoiceisloudstudiesinmyclass.
ThegardenerwhosesonItaughtworksinmygarden.
6)介词+whom+...
介词+which+...
{注意:
介词后-指人用whom;指物用-which}
Eg.ThisistheboytowhomIwastalking.
{=ThisistheboywhoIwastalkingto.}
Ireadthebookwithwhichhetaughtus.
{=Thisisthebookwhichhetaughtuswith.}
--non-definingclause{非限定性定语从句}
--theyaddinformationtothepreviousnoun{补充说明前面的名词}
--iftheyaretakenaway,themeaningofthesentenceisnotinfluenced{去掉后,句意仍然完整}
--theyareseparatedfromthenounbyacomma{和被修饰名词由逗号隔开}
--only‘that’can’tbeusedinnon-definingclause,therestofthelinkingdevicecanbeused{除了that以外其他引导限定性定语从句的词均能引导非限定性定语从句}
Eg.Mymother,whohasbeenworkingasanursefor20years,isverypatient.{去掉who引导的从句,句意仍然明确}--non-definingclause
Mymotheristhewomanwhocreatedthenewteachingmethod.{去掉who引导的从句,句意不明确}--definingclause
--additionalclause{补充性从句}
句子,which...{使用which从句评价前面的事情}
Eg.Hehasreadseveralbooksrelatedtothisareabefore,whichmakesiteasierforhimtolearnthiscourse.
Helikescampingalot,whichisagoodthingactually.
Todayissunny,whichmeanswecouldfinallygohiking.
常用的补充性从句
句子,whichis...
句子,whichmeansthat...
句子,whichmakesit+adj.+forsbtodo
5.被动转述结构{写作第一部分加分句型}
--passivereportstructure[被动转述结构]
“据说...;据报道...”
--weusethisstructuretoreportwhatweread,whatweheard,whatissaidbysomeoneelse[用此结构转述我们读到的、听到的内容]
--Itissaidthat+转述内容
{besaidtodo;besaidtohavedone}
--Itisknownthat+转述内容
{beknowntodo;beknowntohavedone}
--Itisreportedthat+转述内容
{bereportedtodo;bereportedtohavedone}
--Itisthoughtthat+转述内容
{bethoughttodo;bethoughttohavedone}
--Itisbelievedthat+转述内容
{bebelievedtodo;bebelievedtohavedone}
--Itisconsideredthat+转述内容
{beconsideredtodo;beconsideredtohavedone}
eg.Itissaidthatbuyingthingsonlineisnotsosafe.据说网购不太安全
Itisreportedthatmanypeoplegotdeceived(被骗)whentheyshoppedonline.据报道很多人在网购时被骗
6.目的状语从句{写作&口语中均常用}
--purpose
...inordertodo/soastodo为了做...
...inordernottodo/soasnottodo为了不做...
eg.Peoplepayextraforinsurance(保险)inordernottobedeceived.
Italktotheownerinordertoknowthesize.
...inorderthat+句子为了...
...sothat+含有情态动词的句子为了...
eg.Discountsaregiveninorderthatmorecustomersareattracted.
Imailedthisinthemorningsothatitcouldarrivetomorrow.
7.转折状语从句{写作&口语中均常用}
contrastlinks[转折连词]
Eventhough+句子1,句子2.虽然...,但是...
Although+句子1,句子2.虽然...,但是...
{句子1和句子2内容对立}
Evenif+句子1,句子2.{第一条件句的主句和从句内容对立}虽然...,但是...
Eg.EvenifIhavetime,Iwon’tgotoyourparty.--futurepossibility【主从对立的条件句】
Eventhoughhewasfree,hedidn’tcometomyparty.--whatactuallyhappened【事实-转折从句】
句子1,but+句子2虽然...,但是...
句子1.However,句子2.虽然...,但是...
{句子1和句子2内容对立}
句子1,whereas/while+句子2...,然而...
[句子1和句子2形成对比]
Eg.Mysisterisgoodatswimming,whereasIcan’tswimatall.
--注意:
当我们从一个角度比较两个东西或两个人的时候使用whereas/while
Despitethefactthat+句子1,句子2尽管...
{despitethefactthat=although}
Eg.Despitethefactthattherearelotsofenvironmentalconservation(保护)policies,peopleseldompayattentiontothem.
Inspiteof+n./doing...,句子尽管...
Despite+n./doing...,句子尽管...
Eg.Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theywentout.
Despitethehighprice,heboughttwoofthem.
--Heisagoodperson.
--Heispoor.
{使用despite连接两个句子}
因为despite后只能加doing形式的结构或名词--所以若想将Heisagoodperson.放在despite后,必须将Heisagoodperson.改成doing形式
Heisagoodperson--isagoodperson--beagoodperson--beingagoodperson
Despitebeingagoodperson,heispoor.
7.原因状语从句{口语和写作中均常用}
Because+句子,...
Inviewofthefactthat+句子,...
Thereasonwhy+句子+isthat+句子
8.条件状语从句{写作&口语中的加分句型}
Conditionalclauses[条件句]
从句(if...)
主句(mainclause)
zeroconditional
{描述客观事实}
do/does
do/does
eg.Ifweheatice,itmelts.
firstconditional
{描述未来可能性}
do/does
will/won’tdo;
情态动词+do
eg.IfIhavetime,Iwillcallher.
secondconditional
{对现实的假设}
{给出建议}
was/were/did
would/wouldn’tdo
eg.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuytwobooks.{假设}
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.{建议}
thirdconditional
{对过去事实的假设}
haddone
hadbeen
wouldhavedone
wouldn’thavedone
eg.IfRandyhadn’tbeensonaughty,hewouldn’thavebeenpunishedbyteacher.
mixedconditional
{混合型条件句}
...was/were/did...
wouldhavedonewouldn’thavedone
haddone/hadbeen
would/wouldn’tdo
eg.IfIknewhisnumber,Iwouldhavecalledhimalready.
IfIhadlistenedtotheteacher,Iwouldn’tfailthetestnow.
[注意:
if后使用were正式(不论什么人称);使用was--一般都只在口语中]
9.虚拟语气的结构{听力常考复合句;写作&口语的加分句型}
Iwish...和Ifonly...
Iwish...“我希望”
Ifonly...“要是...就好了”
--对现实的不太可能实现的愿望
Iwish/Ifonly+一般过去时的句子
eg.IwishRandywasnotsonaughty.--ThetruthisRandyissonaughtyandIwantittobedifferent.
--表达对过去发生过某事情的悔意
Iwish/Ifonly+had/hadn’tdone
eg.Iwishhehadn’tleftthiscompany.=HeleftthecompanyandIfeelsorryaboutthis.
--表达对某个现实的不满和希望有所改变
Iwish/Ifonly+...would/wouldn’tdo
eg.Iwishhewouldstoptalking.=Hejustcan’tstoptalkingandIamsoannoyedbythisandIhopehecanchange.
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