考研英语一定稿.docx

考研英语一定稿.docx

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考研英语一定稿

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers’productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurpriseinstore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatthepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto__14__interpretationsofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondays.Workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile

19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’.”

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography（1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.

[B]casualstyle.

[C]elaboratelayout.

[D]radicalviewpoints.

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

[A]Itiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzz,theU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal,”saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwastheFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatents,despitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalCircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsStateStreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexample,thejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalCircuitare“reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt,”saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusinesses.

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation.

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting.

[D]thecontroversyovertheir