高考冲关第19练.docx

高考冲关第19练.docx

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高考冲关第19练

高考冲关第19练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2013·青岛模拟）Anewstudyfindsthatthemanmadeclimatechangestartedabout2,000yearsago,whentheRomanEmpireandChina'sHanDynastyenjoyedprosperity.The200yearperiodsawabigriseingreenhousegases.ThediscoverychallengestheUNviewthatmanmadeclimatechangeonlybeganaround1800.

CeliaSapartofUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsandhisteamstudiedtherecordoftheatmospheretrappedinGreenland'siceandfoundthelevelofheattrappingmethane（甲烷）roseabout2,000yearsagoandstayedatthathigherlevelforabouttwocenturies.

Methanewasprobablyreleasedduringdeforestation（砍伐树林）toclearlandforfarmingandfromtheuseofcharcoal（木炭）asfuel,forinstancetomeltmetaltomakeweapons.However,ratesofdeforestationcometoadecreasearound200AD,asaresultoffastpopulationdeclinesinChinaandEuropefollowingthefalloftheHanDynastyandthedeclineoftheRomanEmpire.

Sapartestimatedthatmethanegivenoffuntil1800wasabout10percentofthetotalforthepast2,000years,with90percentsincetheIndustrialRevolution.

ThefindingsbySapart'steamquestionedtheviewbyaUNgroupofclimatescientiststhatmanmadeclimatechangestartedwiththeincreasinguseoffossilfuels（化石燃料）duringtheIndustrialRevolution.“Thepreindustrialtimewasnotanaturaltimefortheclimate—itwasalreadyinfluencedbyhumanactivity，”Sapartsaid.

ThescientistsnotedasecondriseinmethaneinMedievaltimes,from800to1200,whenEuropehadaneconomicsuccessfollowingtheDarkAges.MethanelevelsroseathirdtimearoundthestartofacoolperiodknownastheLittleIceAgeinthe1500s,perhapsalsoreflectingstrongpopulationgrowthaftertheplague（瘟疫）．

Methaneisthesecondmostimportantgreenhousegasbehindcarbondioxide,producedbyhumanburningoffossilfuels.

【语篇解读】　有研究称，在罗马帝国和中国汉朝鼎盛时期的200年间，温室气体排放量大增。

这否定了联合国的观点，即人为造成的气候变化是从1800年左右才开始的。

1．WhatisCeliaSapart'sdiscovery?

A．ThemanmadeclimatechangestartedsincetheIndustrialRevolution.

B．China'sHanDynastywaswelldeveloped2,000yearsago.

C．Peoplebegantomeltmetalforweapons2,000yearsago.

D．Themanmadeclimatechangebeganabout1,800yearsearlierthanUNscientistsbelieved.

【解析】　推理判断题。

从文章开头可知，CeliaSapart的研究发现人为的气候变化在大约2,000年前，即公元元年左右，就已经开始了，而联合国气象科学家们的观点是这一变化在1800年左右开始的，故选D。

【答案】　D

2．Whatistheconsequenceofdeforestation?

A．Prosperityofeconomy.

B．Theriseofmethaneintheatmosphere.

C．Thefallofacountryoranempire.

D．Decreaseofpopulation.

【解析】　细节理解题。

由第三段可知，当人们砍伐森林造农田，使用木炭熔化金属制造武器的时候就会释放甲烷，由此可知选B。

【答案】　B

3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A．Humanactivitieshavemucheffectontheclimate.

B．Acountrycannotalwaysenjoyprosperity.

C．Forestsareimportantforsocialdevelopment.

D．Greenland'siceisimportantforscientificstudies.

【解析】　推理判断题。

从文章第三、四、五段可知，砍伐树木、燃烧化石燃料、经济增长以及人口增加都会影响甲烷的排放量，从而影响气候变化，由此可知，人类活动会影响地球气候的变化，故选A项。

【答案】　A

4．Whencanoneexpectariseinmethanerelease?

A．Whenacountryfallsoranempiredeclines.

B．Whenthepopulationdropsfast.

C．Whentheeconomyenjoysgreatdevelopment.

D．Whenfarmlandhasgivenwaytoforests.

【解析】　细节理解题。

从文章叙述的几次甲烷排放量上升的背景看，A、B、D项正好与文章的叙述相反，而C项“经济快速发展”是甲烷排放量上升的原因。

因此选C。

【答案】　C

5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthemethanegivenoff?

A．90%ofthemethaneinthelast2,000yearshasbeenproducedsincethe1800s.

B．Methanelevelsbegantorisearound200ADbecauseofthefastpopulationgrowthinChinaandEurope.

C．MethanelevelsbegantoriseintheLittleIceAgebecauseofstrongpopulationgrowth.

D．Asmethaneisreleasedfromtheuseoffossilfuels,therewasnomethanereleaseinthepreindustrialtime.

【解析】　推理判断题。

第四段说1800年之前产生的甲烷只占过去2,000年总量的10%，而工业革命之后排放的甲烷则占90%，由此推断，1800年之后的排放量占过去2,000年甲烷总量的90%。

【答案】　A

B

（2013·惠州模拟）RecentlyIwasinaforeigncountrywithsomefriends,somestrangers,andmanystrangerswhobecamefriends!

Wewereallgivendutiestoperform,suchascleaningandcooking.Iwasintheteamservingmeals.

OnthefirstdayItriedhardtopleaseeveryone,butitwashardtoknowhow.Somepeoplelikeditwhenyouwerefastandjustgavethemtheirfood,somepeoplepreferreditslowandsteadysothattheycouldchooseexactlyhowmuchtheywanted,somedidn'tknowwhatIwasservinganddidn'tspeakEnglish.Iftheyweren'tservedinthewaytheywantedsomegrewannoyed.Asyoucanimagine,afteranhourofthisitstartedtogetold.

Sothenextday,wetriedadifferenttactic（策略）．

Ilearnthowtosay“Wouldyoulike...”inseverallanguagesandtriedtoseeeveryone'snamebadges（whichalsoindicatedwheretheywerefrom）tomakesurethattheyunderstoodwhatIwassayingtothem.

IwasservingbeanssowhenpeoplecameuptomeIbeamedatthemandsaid“Wouldyoulikebeans？

”IftheysaidnoIpretendedtobeannoyedandsomeofthemsmiledandreconsidered.IftheysaidtheydidIsmiledmoreandsaid,“Yayy,youwantsomebeans！

”AndIsaidsomethingpersonaltothem,like,“Goodchoice,they'redelicious！

”orIpolitelypraisedthemforsomethingtheywerewearing.MyfriendsandIalsostartedsingingwhenweweren'tservingtokeepourspiritsup.

Iwassoenthusiasticthatweactuallyranoutofbeansbeforeeveryonegotserved!

Tobehonest,Iwasn'tsureifIwasmakingthemsmile,orannoyingthem!

Afterafewdaysofthisthough,wheneverIsawpeopleIhadservedtheysmiledandthankedme,sayinghowithadbrighteneduptheirday,weweremorethanhappy.Weevengotanawardforthebestserversattheend!

Wedidotherthingsthatweren'tourdutytoo,likecleaningup,orwashingdishesforpeoplewheneveryonewassupposedtodotheirown.Atfirstpeoplewereconfusedwhenwedidthis,thentheysaid,“Areyousure？

”，thentheyrealizedtheyweregettingafavorwithoutgivinganythinginreturnandtheywouldbethankful.

Sometimesasmileorapositiveattitudemakesallthedifference!

【语篇解读】　“众口难调”，这就是服务工作不好做的最大原因。

但作者积极改进服务方法，满足人们的要求，用自己周到热情的服务赢得了顾客，受到了人们的好评。

6．FromParagraph3,wecanlearnthattheauthor'sfirstdayonthejobwas.

A．rewarding　　　　　　　B．tiring

C．excitingD．pleasing

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据第三段内容可知，人们的要求各种各样，作者想要满足每一个人的需求是不可能的，而且根据本段最后一句中的“afteranhourofthisitstartedtogetold”可知，第一天的工作困难重重，作者疲于应付。

因此选择B。

【答案】　B

7．Whatdidtheauthordependontowinthepeopleheserved?

A．Tastyanddeliciousfood.

B．Sweetandhoneywords.

C．Lowpricesandfreeservice.

D．Warmandthoughtfulservice.

【解析】　细节理解题。

由第五、第六段可知，作者学习多种语言以便沟通，而且用微笑服务，热情周到，并礼貌地赞扬别人的穿着，即作者靠“热情周到的服务”赢得顾客；第七段中的“enthusiastic”一词也是提示。

故D项正确。

【答案】　D

8．Whywerepeopleconfusedwhentheysawtheauthorcleaninguporwashingdishesforthem?

A．Becausetheydoubtedhisbehavior.

B．Becausetheyrealizedtheywerecheated.

C．Becausetheirdemandshadnotbeenmet.

D．Becausetheyhadtopayforhisextraservice.

【解析】　细节理解题。

由倒数第二段可知，一开始人们并不理解作者的做法，并通过“Areyousure？

”提出质疑，也就是对作者的举动表示怀疑，故选择A。

【答案】　A

9．Wheredidtheauthorandhisteamwork?

A．Inagarage.

B．Inarestaurant.

C．Inasupermarket.

D．Inagrainshop.

【解析】　推理判断题。

由第二段中的“Iwasintheteamservingmeals.”，后面提到的第一天的工作和后文内容可知，作者应该是在一家餐厅里工作。

故选择B。

【答案】　B

10．Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldprobablybe.

A．WonderfulSellers

B．PuzzlingBehaviour

C．BestServers

D．ExcellentManagement

【解析】　标题判断题。

通读本文可知，这篇文章讲述了作者在餐厅工作中热情服务，做好分内分外事，让人们打消各种顾虑，满意用餐的故事，同时文章中有“Weevengotanawardforthebestserversattheend！

”的暗示，故C为最佳标题。

【答案】　C

Ⅱ.完形填空

Youmaybesurprisedtosee“makingsurechildrenneversuffer”asamistake.Thefollowing1mayhelpyouunderstandhowrescuingchildrenfromallsuffering2weakness.

Alittleboyfeltsorryforabutterflystrugglingto3fromitschrysalis（蛹）.Hedecidedto4thebutterfly.Sohepeeled（剥开）thechrysalisopenforthebutterfly.Thelittleboywasso5towatchthebutterflyspreaditswingsandflyoffintothesky.Thenhewashorrified6hewatchedthebutterflyfalltothegroundanddiebecauseitdidnothavethemuscle7tokeepflying.Infact,thebutterfly'sstruggleto8thechrysalishelpsthebutterflybecomestronger.

Likethelittleboy,9toooftenwanttoprotecttheirchildrenfromstruggleinthe10oflove.Theydon'trealizethattheirchildrenneedtostruggle,toexperience11，todealwithdisappointment,andtosolvetheirownproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanchildren12theiremotionalstrength,become13anddeveloptheskillsnecessaryfortheevenbiggerstrugglestheywillmeetthroughouttheirlives.Childrenexperiencingsufferingscan14theupsanddownsoflife.

However,itisn'thelpfuleitherinthiscasewhenparents15lectures（训斥）,blameandshametowhatthechildisexperiencing.Mothers16tosay,“Stopcryingandactinglikeaspoiledboy.Youcan'talwaysgetwhatyouwant.”These17wordsshouldbeavoided.

Instead,parentscanofferlovingsupport.Youcansay,“Don'tlose18.Bebrave!

Youwillsucceedifyoutryagain.”Thencomesthetoughpart—no19andnolectures.Simplyallowhimtodiscoverthathecangetoverhisdisappointmentand20whathecandotogetwhathewantsinthefuture.

【语篇解读】　本文为议论文。

作者认为父母在培养孩子的过程中要让孩子吃点苦头。

孩子在经受磨难，经历痛苦之后才能成熟，才能变得坚强，今后才会成为栋梁之材。

1．A.storyB．proverb

C．sayingD．experiment

【解析】　由下文可知作者讲了一个故事来阐述这个道理，故选A项。

【答案】　A

2．A.damagesB．burns

C．createsD．experiences

【解析】　由下文可知，使孩子不受任何苦难的教育将导致孩子软弱无能。

故选C项。

【答案】　C

3．A.hearB．suffer

C．dateD．emerge

【解析】　emergefrom意为“从……中出现，露出”，符合语境。

【答案】　D

4．A.killB．feed

C．helpD．rescue

【解析】　由下文小男孩剥开了蛹可知，他决定帮助这个蝴蝶。

【答案】　C

5．A.excitedB．moved

C．puzzledD．depressed

【解析】　当这个小男孩看到蝴蝶展开翅膀，飞向天空时他感到非常兴奋。

【答案】　A

6．A.asB．since

C．beforeD．until

【解析】　as引导一个时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。

【答案】　A

7．A.powerB．energy

C．strengthD．force

【解析】　strength指“力气，力量”，强调体力，符合语境。

【答案】　C

8．A.comeupwithB．doawaywith

C．getalongwithD．breakawayfrom

【解析】　br