全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点.docx
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全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点.docx
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全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点
全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点
虚拟语气
If引导的条件从句
主句
现在时
动词的过去式(be动词过去式用were)
Would/should/could/might+动词原形
过去时
Had+过去分词
Would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
将来时
Should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形
Would/should/could/might+动词原形
虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。
在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。
A.与现在事实相反的:
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。
He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你,我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
B.与过去事实相反的:
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 ,I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。
He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
C.与将来事实相反的
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。
***有关虚拟语气的几个问题***
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her.
如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊!
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
对过去事实相反的假设
26.Ididn’tseeyourbossatthemeeting.Ifhe(come)___,Iwouldhavetoldhimthenews.(2000年6月试卷)
29.Ifhadn’tdriventhecaryesterday,I(avoid)____theaccident.(2001年12试卷)
34.IfI(notdrink)____somuchcoffeeyesterdayafternoon,Iwouldhavebeenabletosleepwelllastnight.(2003年12月试卷)
Iftheteammembershadn’thelpedme,I(fail)______inthelastexperiment.(2005.5)
Hemightnothavebeenkilledinthetrafficaccidentyesterdayifhe(fasten)___theseatbelt.(2005.5)A级
HadIknowntheresult,I(notask)______youtotellme.
=IfIhadknowntheresult,……
A:
1.hadcame(与过去事实相反的)2.wouldhaveavoided
3.hadnotdrunk4.wouldhavefailed
5.hadfastened6.wouldnothaveasked
Wish后面的宾语从句和Asif(though)引导的方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气
35.Hetalkedasifhe(do)____alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.(2000年12月试卷)
28.XiaoLanspeaksEnglishinawayasifshe(be)____anAmerican.(2001年6月试卷)
21.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowishI_____there.
A.havebeen
B.hadbeen
C.was
D.am
(2003.6)
虚拟语气用与表示“要求,建议,命令,坚持”等that名词从句时,谓语动词用+(should)+动词原形,should常省略
Ask,tell,suggest,insist,propose,advise,require,order,command,desire,request,demand,recommond+that..(should)+动词原形
28.Itisadvisedthatwe(sign)_sign____anagreementrightafterthediscussion.(2000年6月试卷)
17.HetoldmethatI______bepresentattheceremony.
A)could
B)would
C)should
D)might
(2000年6月试卷)
21.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan____postponedforafewdays.
A)being
B)been
C)tobe
D)be
(2002年6试卷)
28.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Cooper(give)_____uphisexperimentatonce.(2002年12试卷)
Thechairmanrequiredthateveryspeaker(limit)_____himselfto15minutes.(2004.6)
Isuggestedthathe(call)______onthedirectoraweeklater.(2005.1)
Jane’sparentsinsistedthatshe(return)______homebefore9:
00.
Itis(high/about)time(that)+动词的过去式…的主语从句的虚拟语气
25.It’shightimewe____somethingtostoproadaccidents.
A)did
B)aredoing
C)willdo
D)do(2001年6试卷)(PRETCO)
Itishightimewe(start)__started_topayattentiontosuchmistakes.
Youlooksotiredtonight.Itis(high/about)timeyou(go)_went__tobed.
Itisimportant/essential/necessary/natural/strange/apity/nowonder+that结
构中的主语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形
22.It’snecessarythattheproblem_____insomewayorother.
A)issettled
B)wassettled
C)besettled
D)hasbeensettled
(2001年12试卷)
24.Itisimportantthatthecommittee___abouttheprojectatonce.
A.beinformed
B.isinformed
C.willbeinformed
D.beinginformed(2003年12月试卷)
被动
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,其构成为be+过去分词。
e.g.Theywillwidentheroad.(主动)
Theroadwillbewidened.(被动)
Thematterwillbedealedwithassoonaspossible.
1.被动语态的各种时态形式表:
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am
is}asked
are
am
is}beingasked
are
Has
Have}beenasked
过去
was
were}asked
was
were}beingasked
Hadbeenasked
将来
shall
will}beasked
shall
}havebeenasked
will
过去将来
Should
}beasked
Would
Should
}havebeenasked
would
2.情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时,结构为:
一般式:
情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need等)+be+过去分词
完成式:
情态动词+have+过去分词
e.g.Thiscanbedonebyhand.这可以手工做。
(一般式)
Theprojectmighthavebeencompletedearlier.这项工程本可以早些完工的。
(完成式)
3.begoingto等不定式结构的被动形式:
begoingto/oughtto/beto/beboundto/besureto/becertainto/bedueto/beaboutto/have(has)to/hadto+be+过去分词(to不可省略)
e.g.Notacouldwastobeseen.看不到一丝云彩。
Theenemyisboundtobedefeated.敌人一定会被打败。
Whenwillthework(complete)_______?
23.Thisisoneofthelongestbridgethat____onthisriver.
A)iseverbuilt
B)haseverbeenbuilt
C)waseverbuilt
D)haseverbuilt
(2000年6月试卷)
31.Ifthemedicine(take)____intime,itwillbequiteeffective.(2001年6月试卷)
23.Sincetheintroductionofthenewtechnique,theproductioncost___greatly.
A)reduces
B)isreduced
C)isreducing
D)hasbeenreduced
(2000年12月试卷)
18.______,hecanquicklyfindoutwhat’swrongwiththemachine.
A)Havingbeenwelltrained
B)Havingwelltrained
C)Tobewelltrained
D)Tohavebeenwelltrained
(2000年12月试卷)
27.Thesepillsshould(keep)____outofthereachofchildren.(2001.6)
23.Theprojecttoclearupthepollutedriver_____bytheendofnextyear.
A)willhavebeencompleted
B)willhavecompleted
C)isbeingcompleted
D)hasbeencompleted
(2002年6月试卷)
31.Thenoisewassoloudthatitcould(hear)_____fromfaraway.(2002年6月试卷)
32.Thehousewiththefurniture(buy)_____for$50,000lastyear.(2002.12)
Sixtypeople(employ)___inthisbigfactorylastyear.(2004.12)
Nothingcan(do)_____unlesswearegivenmoreinformationaboutthesituation.(2005.1)
Mostofthemachineintheworkshop______nextmonth.(2005.5)
A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepairedC.wererepairedD.willberepaired
Thetrain(delay)__wasdelayed____byfogandarrivedlate.
Threehundredcars(sell)__havebennsold____sincethebeginningoftheyear.
倒装
1.当否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有:
Never,seldom,rarely,little,scarcely(几乎不),hardly,not,nowhere,notoften,notabit(一点也不),notuntil,stillless(更少),onnoaccount
(绝不),notonanyaccount,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,onnoconsideration(决不),neither…nor,notonly…butalso,innoway(决不),bynomeans,atontime(从不),notonceortwice(许多次)
18.NotuntilIbegantowork______howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A)haveIrealized
B)Ihaverealized
C)didIrealize
D)Irealized
(2000.6)
23.Little_____thatthepoliceareabouttoarresthim.
A)heknows
B)hedoesn’tknow
C)doesheknow
D)doesn’theknow(2001年6月试卷)
16.___________thedangerasheclimbedupthestairs.
A.Littlethebabyrealized
B.Thebabylittlerealized
C.Littlethebabydidrealized
D.Littledidthebabyrealize
2.only+状语位于句首表示强调时要用倒装:
e.g.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.
Wecanlearnenglishwellonlyinthisway.
现在分词过去分词做定语
24.I’veneverseentheyoungman_____nexttothedirector.
A)sits
B)sitting
C)sat
D)tosit
(2001年6月试卷)
33.Therewasastranger(stand)______atthedoor.(2002年6月试卷)
29.Inoticedthattherewasaman(draw)_____picturesontheground.(2003年6月试卷)
30.Givetheapplicationtotheman(sit)____atthatdesk,please.(2003年12月试卷)
比较级最高级在B级考试中的应用
26.Thechairmanemphasizedhisideasbyspeakingmore(loud)_____.(2000.12)
29.Livinginthecountryisless(expense)______thanlivinginthecity.(2000.12)
35.Couldyougotobed(early)_____thanyouusuallydo?
(2000.12)
32.Everydaythedirectoristhe(late)______persontoleavetheoffice.(2001.6)
16.AsEdisongrew_____,heneverlosthisinterestinscience.
A)elder
B)older
C)theelder
D)theoldest(2002年6试卷)
22.Thebookis____moredifficultthattheoneIrecommendedtoyou.
A)rather
B)much
C)very
D)so(2002年6试卷)
22.The_____theproposalisconsidered,theworseitappears.
A.carefully
B.muchcarefully
C.morecarefully
D.mostcarefully(2003年12试卷)
27.Iwanttorentanewapartmentthatis(comfortable)____thanhisone.(2003年12试卷)
Johnisthe(clever)_________studentIhaveevertaught.(2004.6)
33.ThephotosofMarstakenbysatellitesare(clear)_____thanthosetakenfromEarth.(02.12)
Ofallthehotelsinthecity,thisoneisthe(good)________.(06.5)
Yaomingisoneof(famous)______basketballplayersintheworld.
Thelouderheshouted,the(little)______heconvincedanyone.
Thesunisthe(big)_____thingwecanweewhenwelookupatthesky.
Theproblem(discuss)_______atthemeetingyesterdayhasnotbeensolvedyet.(过去分词作定语)
动名词在B级考试中的应用
Enjoy/avoid/admit/finish/practice+doing
Stopdoingsth停止做某事
Goondoingsth继续做某事
Beworthdoingsth值得做某事
Giveupdoing放弃做某事
Lookforwardtosth/doing期望,盼望某事
Spend(time,money)…(in)doingsth花费时间,金钱做某事
Spend(time,money)onsth
Haveaproblem/difficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻烦/困难
Be/getusedtodoingsth习惯与做某事
Preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
Keepsbdoingsth让某人一直做某事
(2000年12月试卷)
33.Theystopped(search)_____forthemissingplaneastheweatherwasveryrough.
30.ThechildrenfromtheUSgotusedto(eat)______Chinesefoodquitesoon.
(2001年12试卷)
30.Hearingthebellring,thestudentsstopped(joke)____witheachother.
34.
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