高考第一轮复习语法复习独立主格结构冀教版.docx
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高考第一轮复习语法复习独立主格结构冀教版.docx
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高考第一轮复习语法复习独立主格结构冀教版
年级
高三
学科
英语
版本
冀教版
内容标题
独立主格
知识精讲:
一.教学内容:
独立主格
[教学过程]
语法:
独立主格
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
1、逻辑主语+v-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
如:
(1)________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.(A)
A.TherebeingB.Being
C.HavingbeenD.Therewas
(2)_______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.(B)
A.AstherebeingB.Astherewas
C.BeingD.Therewas
(3)_______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn’topen.(C)
A.BeingB.Therebeing
C.ItbeingD.Havingbeen
(4)______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn’topen.(D)
A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis
2、逻辑主语+v-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
(1)_________,thetrainstarted.(A)
A.Thesignalgiven
B.Givingthesignal
C.Thesignalbeinggiven
D.Thesignalgiving
(2)__________,thetrainstarted.(D)
A.Afterhavinggiventhesignal
B.Afterthesignalgiven
C.Givingthesignal
D.Afterthesignalwasgiven
(3)______,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.(B)
A.Explainingnewwords
B.Newwordsexplained
C.Beingexplainednewwords
D.Havingexplainednewwords
(4)____,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.(A)
A.Whennewwordswereexplained
B.Explainingnewwords
C.Newwordsexplaining
D.Beingexplainednewwords
3、逻辑主语+形容词(副词)
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
如:
(1)___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.(B)
A.Betterconditions
B.Conditionsbetter
C.Conditionsarebetter
D.Beingbetterconditions
(2)_____,we’dliketogoouting.(B)
A.BeingSundayB.SundayOK
C.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK
(3)_____,youcanwaitawhile.(D)
A.Theplaybeingstillon
B.Theplaystillon
C.Beingstillontheplay
D.AandB
(4)_____,soyoucanwaitawhile(A)
A.TheplayisstillonB.Theplaybeingstillon
C.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon
4、With的复合结构
形式为:
with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例:
(1)Shecameintotheroom,withhernoseredbecauseofcold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)
(2)Withthemealover,weallwenthome.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)
(3)Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。
(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。
)Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithabookinhishand.
(4)Helayinthedarkemptyhouse,withnotaman,womanorchildtosayhewaskindtome.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.(without+代词+不定式,作条件状语)
(5)Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)
例题:
Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
答案:
D。
with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。
当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。
由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D。
[练习]
Helefttheoffice_______.(B)
A.withtearsbeingineyes
B.withtearsinhereyes
C.beingtearsineyes
D.tearsbeingineyes
二、分词、独立主格和“with+复合宾语”作状语的区别
分词结构、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语,其区别是这样的:
(一)分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语,即主句主语是分词的动作执行者(用现在分词)或动作承受者(用过去分词或现在分词被动式)。
这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。
1.Givenmoretime=Ifgiven=Ifheisgiven,heissuretofinishhistestpaper.
2.Fathercameback,carryingabagofmoneyonhisleftshoulder.
(二)独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时,这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语,即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。
如:
1.______,we’llgofishinginthecountry.(C)
A.Permittingweather
B.Weatherpermitted
C.Weatherpermitting
D.Permitting
2._________,hefinishedplayingthegameofchess.(B)
A.Hiseyesclosing
B.Withhiseyesclosed
C.Closinghiseyes
D.Closedhiseyes
(三)使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意:
它们与主句之间不应有从属连词(如when,if,assoonas,as,while等)或并列连词(如and,but,or,so等)。
例如:
1._____theteachertoldtheclasstogothroughthetext.(A)
A.Checkingtheanswers
B.Checkingtheanswersand
C.Whencheckingtheanswersand
D.alltheabove
2._______arainyday,soallthefarmershadtostayinside.(C)
A.ItbeingB.BeingC.ItwasD.alltheabove
3.As______alittlesick,heremainedattheclinic.(B)
A.feelingB.hefeltC.hefellingD.alltheabove
(四)在使用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时,一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。
1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时,该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。
(1)______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(D)
A.LostB.Ashewaslost
C.HelostD.AandB
(2)_______forthebusatthestop,hesuddenlycaughtsightofathief.(D)
A.WaitingB.Whenhewaswaiting
C.AshewaswaitingD.alltheabove
2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自己的逻辑主语。
则该状语不能用分词结构,只能用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构或从句。
如:
(1)Thesoldierfellasleep________.(A)
A.withthecandleburning
B.burningthecandle
C.whenhewasburningthecandle
D.whenburningthecandle
(2)________,theTiananmenSquarelooksmorebeautiful.(C)
A.Beingon
B.Whenbeingon
C.Withallthelightson
D.Whenitturnsonallthelights
(3)____thenotice,hehadanidea.(D)
A.Whenhewaswatching
B.Watching
C.Whenwatching
D.alltheabove
(4)______thenotice,anideacametohismind.(A)
A.Whenhewaswatching
B.Watching
C.Whenwatching
D.alltheabove
【模拟试题】(答题时间:
40分钟)
I.指出下列句子中的独立结构
1.Infrontofthehousewasatalltree,itstopwellabovethetopsoftheothertrees.
2.Themid-termexaminationwasover,thefinalexaminationtocomeintwomonths.
3.Theboystoodthere,hiseyesfulloftears.
4.Ayoungpolicemanstoodinthestreet,holdingalittleredflag,hisfaceredwithcold.
5.Theteachersatinherchair,surroundedbyherstudents,ahappylookinhereyes.
6.Withnothingtoeat,hediedofhunger.
7.Atallmancameintothebank,wearingapairofdarkglasses,hisfacehiddenbyanupturned(翻起的)collarandacappulledoverhisbrows.
8.Maryleftlefttheofficewithtearsinhereyes.
9.Suchbeingthecase,youhavenoreasonsfordismissinghim.
10.Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreast,andhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.
II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误
1.Beingfreezingcold,shehadtodressherselfinwarmclothes.
2.Havingfinishedhishomework,wewenthome.
3.Ayoungmotherwastakingawalkintheschoolyard,followedherlittleson.
4.Hisbikewrong,hehastowalktoschool.
5.Tomrushedintomyroom,withhisclothescoveringwithsnow.
6.Theywereangrywiththeirmoneytobestolen.
III.单项填空
1.Thelecture______,helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.
A.beganB.beginningC.havingbegunD.beingbeginning
2.Such______thecase,Ihavenootherchoices.
A.beingB.isC.wasD.tobe
3.Darkness______in,theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestreets.
A.setB.settingC.hassetD.wasset
4.Withallfactors______,wethinkthisprogrammaybebetterthanalltheothersinachievingthegoal.
A.beingconsideredB.consideringC.consideredD.areconsidered
5.Anewtechnique______,theproductionincreasedby20percent.
A.tohavebeenworkedoutB.havingworkedout
C.workingoutD.havingbeenworkedout
6.Onthetopwastheclearoutlineofagreatwolfsittingstill,ears______,alert,listening.
A.pointedB.pointingC.arepointedD.arepointing
7.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedidn’taccepttheoffer.
A.notbeingfinishedB.nothavingfinished
C.hadnotbeenfinishedD.wasnotfinished
8.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性).
A.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having
9.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______.
A.apipeinmouthB.withapipeinmouth
C.pipeinmouthD.pipeinhismouth
10.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial(原料).
A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup
IV.用独立结构完成下列句子
1.Janeranintotheclassroom,_____________________________(手里拿着一个新文具盒).
2.______________________(午饭时间到了),thestudentsallwenttothedining-hall.
3.Alittlegirlwasmakingpaperflowers,________________________________
____________________(她的妈妈面带微笑坐在她旁边).
4.HerecomesthebusfromYiwu,_____________________________________
_____________(永康来的班车十分钟后到).
5.__________________________(由向导带路),wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.
6.___________________________(有那么多书要读),Ican’tkilltimebyplayingcards.
7.AtthegatestoodaPLAman,__________________________(手里握着枪).
8._____________________________(做完家庭作业),hewenttobed.
9.______________________(她的钱包被偷了),shehadnomoneytobuyevenabusticket.
10.________________________(所有的灯都亮着),ourteachingbuildinglooksmorebeautiful.
【试题答案】
II.1.Being前加It2.Having前加He或Hishomeworkfinished3.followedherlittleson改为herlittlesonfollowingher4.Hisbikewrong改为Somethingbeingwrongwithhisbike或Therebeingsomethingwrongwithhisbike
5.covering改为covered6.tobestolen改为stolen
III.1.withanewpencil-boxinherhand2.Itbeingtimeforlunch3.hermothersittingbesideherwithasmileonherface4.that/thebusfromYongkangtocomeintenminutes5.(With)Theguideleadingtheway6.Withsomanybookstoread7.guninhand(withaguninhishand)8.The/Hishomeworkdone/finished(Withhis/thehomeworkdone/finished)9.Herwalletstolen10.(With)Allthelightson
IV.1—5CABCD6—10AADCC
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