高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习.docx
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高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习.docx
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高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习
高中语法:
主谓一致
Ⅰ.主谓一致原那么
含义:
在英语句子中,谓语受主语支配,其动词必需和主语在人称和数上维持一致。
分类:
语法一致原那么、逻辑意义一致原那么、就近原那么。
Ⅱ.语法一致原那么:
谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上维持一致。
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一样用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidistrue.
【注意】★由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情形用单数形式,但假设表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.
apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语;apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语:
Thispairofshoesisnotmine.
Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.
“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数:
YouandIaregoodfriends.
Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.
【注意】★若是and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数:
a/the+单数名词(人)+and+单数名词(人)+单数谓语
a/the+单数名词(人)+and+a/the+单数名词(人)+复数谓语
Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
由and连接的并列单数主语前若是别离有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.
Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.
Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
有些用and连接起来的单数名词,由于关系紧密,已被看成一个整体,因此作主语时,谓语单词用单数。
这种名词词组有:
knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线
breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条
thestarsandstripes星条旗
FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.
Thestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofthe主语为单数名词或代词,后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引发的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式:
Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.
Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.
Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.
each;each+单数可数名词;eachof+复数名词作主语时,谓语都用单数形式:
Eacharrivesontime.
Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.
由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing组成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部份,谓语用单数:
Everybodyisdoinghisbest.
Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.
在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致:
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
试比较:
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.
Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
若是集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;若是它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等:
Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.
Theclasswereallcheerful.
Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.
Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.
【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一样都用作复数:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Suchistheresult.
Sucharethefacts.
【练一练】
Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.
A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand
–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?
--Really?
NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone
There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
_______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?
Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancersinger;adancerD.He;I
A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;pencil
Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.
A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has
Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.
A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting
C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting
TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.
A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading
There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?
A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthereC.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’tit
IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.
A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;is
Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.
A.beB.areC.isD.are
“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their
C.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her
Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.
A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys
ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.
A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone
Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
Ⅲ.逻辑意义一致原那么:
谓语动词的数必需和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数。
)
what,who,which,any,more,all等代词能够是单数,也能够是复数,要紧靠意思来决定:
Whichisyoufavoritesubject?
Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?
Allisgoingwell.
AllhavegonetoBeijing.
表示时刻、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时,因常表示一个整体的概念,谓语动词经常使用单数形式:
Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.
复数形式的专出名词,如书名、剧名、报名、国名等,其谓语用单数:
TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.
TheThameshasalargepopulation.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics,和news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义是单数名词,它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:
Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.
Physicswashermajor.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数:
Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.
Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.
【练一练】
_______is_______.Whichiswrong?
A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.
C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance
Therich_______notalwayshappy.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem
ThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.
A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesup
Ⅳ.就近原那么:
谓语动词的人称与最近的主语维持一致。
当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时,谓语动词和临近的主语一致:
GeorgeorIamwrong.
EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.
NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.
therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语,那么应与靠近的那个主语维持一致:
(here引导的句子用法相同)
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.
【练一练】
NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.
A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended
Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.
A.isB.areC.wereD.have
Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.
A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade
There_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
Ⅴ.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式
“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数:
Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.
Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.
表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语,谓语用单数:
Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部份时,与复数名词连用,谓语用复数形式;与不可数名词连用,谓语用单数形式:
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.
Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.
agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连历时,谓语用单数:
Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.
Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.
agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时,谓语用复数:
Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.
Anumberofstudentswereabsent.
【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”,表示“…的数量”:
Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.
【练一练】
About60percentofthestudents_______fromthesouth,therestofthem_______fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is
Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty;butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;was,B.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were
Manyachild_______towalkbeforehecanspeak.
A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.havelearned
Morethanonegirl_______lateforclassthismorning.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
ThepopulationofChina_______over1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulation_______peasants.
A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are
Homework:
1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.
A.makespossibletoproduceB.makesitpossibletoproduce
C.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing
4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.
A.areinterestedinB.isinterestedin
C.areintendingforD.isintendingfor
5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight
A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvited
C.wereinvitedD.wasinvited
6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?
—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:
30inthemorning.
A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are
7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
8.ItisI_________myparents
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