专八改错真题.docx
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专八改错真题.docx
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专八改错真题
2009年专八改错真题(有若干空模棱两可,注意咯!
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Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses
fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference
(1)______
betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learnt
inearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistener
(2)_____
hasgrownup,andhastheirown,orevengrandchildren.(3)______
Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmitting
itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears,withtheplayground(4)______
lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedonwithintheveryhour(5)_____
itislearnt;and,inthegeneral,itpassesbetweenchildrenofthe(6)______
sameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinage
betweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplayground
rhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,or(7)_____
evenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeentransmittedover
andover;verypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthree(8)_____
hundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainslive(9)_____
aftersomuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe(10)______
originalwording.
模拟1
Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay_____1
thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,includingcollege,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople_____2
withcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.Therearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers—howtobuild
them,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask_____3
themtoexplainabouttheprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe_____4
computer,youdon’thavefaintestidea._____5
Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsliketheneglectofhuman_____6
creativepower.Italsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand_____7
technology.Lotsofpeopledon’tdifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionof_____8
newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationofknowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoarereallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhaveafacultyfortheothers._____9
Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,
it’snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetearnedtoforecasttheconsequences_____10
ofnewtechnology,whichcanbeenormous.
模拟2
Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescouldbeavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk____1
pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopkingUniversity.____2
Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000maternalDeathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren____3
withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir____4
familiestomoderatesize.Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000maternaldeathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby____5
theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControl
respectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehighriskcategories.____6
Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof____7
maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof____8
pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe____9
motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthantwoyearsapart.____10
模拟3
"Home,sweethome"isaphrasethatexpressesanessentialattitude
intheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamily
houseissweetornosweet.ThecherishedidealofhomehasgreatS1.________
importanceformanypeople.
ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,
dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenth-centuryEuropeansettlersofthe
AmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouseforone'sS2.________
family,andstartedafarm.ThesesmallhouseholdswereportraitsofS3.________
independence:
theentirefamily--mother,father,children,even
grandparents—liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogethertosupport S4.________
eachother.AnyoneunderstoodthelifeanddeathimportanceoffamilyS5.________
cooperationandhardwork.
AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveon
farms,buttheidealofhomeownershipisjustasstronginthetwentieth S6.________
centuryasitwasinthenineteenth.
WhenU.S,soldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII,for S7.________
example,theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.ButthereS8.________
wasatremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typically
inthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitS9.________
satisfiedadeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisof S10.________
theirwayoflife.
模拟4
Ancientmanattemptedtochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.
Whileexperiencetaughthimthiswasimpossible,__1
hetriedtoforecastweatherconditions.Evenearlierin__2
1000B.C.therewereweatherseersinBabylon----andpriests
cleverenoughtodenounceasfraudsthosepredicted__3
theweatherayearintheadvance.Someforecastersused__4
methodsthatseemedtotakenoconnectionwiththeactual__5
factorscontrolledtheweather.Chickensandotheranimals__6
weresacrificedandtheirintestines
pokedtofindsignsindicatingrainanddrought.Somewhatmorescientificwere__7
predictionsbasedonvegetation:
"Onion'sskinverythin,
mildweathercomingin.Onion'sskinthickandtough,comingweatheriscoldandrough."__8
Insectsandanimalswerealsofavoriteweatherclues:
"Beforetheglowwormlightshis__9
lamp,thentheairisalwaysdamp.""Ifspiderstheircobwebsforsake,theweatherwillforcertainbreak."
"Iffrogsremainedinpools,theweatherwillbefine.Iftheywereseenonrocks,__10
rainandcoldweredue."It'sdifficulttosaywhetherthisrhymeshouldbetakenseriously:
"Hark,Iheartheassesbray.Methinkswe'llhavesomeraintoday."
模拟5
Itisdifficulttothinkofanationasanabstractcollectionofpeoplelivingonapatchofterritory.Itiseasiertothinkofasaperson.ThisiswhywesometimescallGreatBritain__1
"Britannia"andtheUnitedStates"Columbia",
andthinkofitasstatelywomen.Wealsousemasculinesymbolsinour__2__
personificationofnations.In1712JohnArbuthont,aScot,
wroteapoliticalsatireinthatthecharactersweresupposed__3__
tobetypicalmembersofdifferentnationalities.
TheEnglishmanwasJohnBull.Thisname,whichwassufficientflatteringtobe__4__
adoptedgenerally,combinedthemostcommonEnglishfirstname
withalastnameindicatedstrength.JohnBullisusually__5__
picturedasapartlybusinessmanwithaUnionJackonhishatband.
AftertheAmericanWarofIndependencebeganin1783,theUnited__6
Stateswasknownfor"BrotherJonathan".Jonathanwasabiblical__7
nameassociatedwithsimplepeoplefromruralareas,
anditseemedfittingsincetheUnitedStatesisruralandunsophistcated,andsince__8__
Americansconsideredtheirtypeofsimplicityavirtuecomparedto__9__
thewickednessofEuropeancities.Itispossible,
however,thatthenamewasoriginatedwithPresidentGeorgeWashington,whowould__10_
oftensay,whenfacedwithahardproblem,"LetusconsultBrotherJonathan",referringtohissecrectary,JohnathanTrumbull.
模拟6
Middleagehasitscompensations.Youthisboundhandandfootwiththeshacklesofpublicopinion.Middleageenjoysfreedom.Irememberthatwhenilefttheschoolisaidtomyself:
__1
"Henceforward.Icangetupwhenilikeandgotobedwhenilike."Thatofcoursewasanexaggeration,andisoonfoundthatwheneveryouhaveanaimyoumustsacrificesomethingoffreedomtoachieveit.Butbythetimeyouhavereachedmiddleageyoudiscoveredhow__2
muchfreedomitwasworthtosacrificeinordertoachieveanyaimthat__3
youhaveonview.Wheniwasaboyiwastorturedbyshyness,__4
andmiddleagehastoagreatextentbroughtmeareliefofthis.I__5
havenownosuchfeelingandisavemyselfmuchdiscomfort.Ialwayshatedcoldwater,butformanyyearsibathincoldseasbecause__6
iwantedtobelikeeverybody.__7
Itwasuntilquitelateinlifethatidiscoveredhoweasyitwas__8
tosay:
"idon'tknow."ifindwithmiddleagenooneexpectsmetowalktwenty-fivemiles,ortoplayascratchgameofgolf,ortodivefromaheightofthirtyfeet.Thisisalltothegoodandmakeslifepleasant,butishouldnolongercareiftheydo.Thatiswhatmakes__9
youthunhappy,thevehementanxietytobelikeotherpeople,andthatiswhatmakesmiddleageintolerable,thereconciliationwithoneself.__10
模拟7
Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;theyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisa__1
fact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulithat__2
producesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednottobereal:
a__3
maskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,orwillthesightof__4
onlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedonprofile.Thisattractionto__5
eyesopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.__6
Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldwereaskedtodraw__7
people,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,and99percent__8
of
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