卢雪英汽车理论综合作业luxy.docx
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卢雪英汽车理论综合作业luxy.docx
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卢雪英汽车理论综合作业luxy
贡献者:
吉林大学汽车运用工程专业44100128卢雪英
1汽车动力性计算(加速性能、最高车速、动力因素-加速时间和加速距离)
已知:
发动机外特性、装载质量、整备质量、总质量、车轮半径、传动系效率、滚动阻力系数、空气阻力系数×迎风面积、主减速器速比飞轮转动惯量、两个前轮转动惯量、四个后轮转动惯量、变速器速比、轴距、质心至前轴距离、质心高度。
例如,已知数据如下表:
项目
单位
数值
装载质量
kg
1995
整备质量
kg
1700
总质量
kg
3695
车轮半径
m
0.37
传动系效率
0.87+0.0028
滚动阻力系数
0.012-0.0028
空气阻力系数×迎风面积
m2
2.60
主减速器速比
5.83
飞轮转动惯量
kgm2
0.22
两前轮转动惯量
kgm2
1.80
四后轮转动惯量
kgm2
3.60
轴距
m
3.40
质心至前轴距离
m
2.0
质心高度
m
0.9
变速器速比
变速器
I档
II档
III档
IV档
V档
四档
6.12
3.11
1.69
1.00
五档
3.55
2.77
1.65
1.00
0.83
发动机外特性Tq=a+a1(n/c)+a2(n/c)2+a2(n/c)3+a3(n/c)4
参数
a
a1
a2
a2
a3
c
数值
-19.31
296
-165
40.9
-3.85
1000
1) 绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图;
2) 求汽车的最高车速、最大爬坡度;
3) 绘制加速度倒数曲线
4) 用图解法或编程绘制汽车动力因数特性曲线
5) 图解手工绘制II档起步,加速至70km/h的车速-时间曲线以及距离-时间曲线。
2汽车燃料经济性计算(等速、多工况)
例如,已知汽车结构参数同题1,负荷特性拟合公式为
N/(rmin-1)
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
820
1427
-416
72
-6.0
0.18
1200
1355
-304
37
-2.05
0.043
1600
1284
-190
15
-0.51
0.007
2000
1123
-121.6
7.0
-0.185
0.0019
2600
1141
-99
4.5
-0.091
0.0007
3000
1051
-74
2.86
-0.051
0.00035
3400
1233
-85
3.0
-0.0475
0.0003
3880
1130
-45
0.71
-0.0008
-0.00004
怠速油耗为0.3ml/s(400r/min),求
1)汽车功率平衡图;
2)最高档与次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线。
3)按6工况循环行驶的百公里油耗。
计算中确定燃油消耗率值b时,若发动机转速与负荷特性中给定的转速不相等,可用相邻转速的两根曲线用插值法求得。
1.
(1)求汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图和汽车最高车速的matlab程序:
n=600:
10:
4500;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;
L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;
Ft1=Tq*ig
(1)*i0*nT/r;
Ft2=Tq*ig
(2)*i0*nT/r;
Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;
Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;
Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;
ua1=0.377*r*n/ig
(1)/i0;
ua2=0.377*r*n/ig
(2)/i0;
ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;
ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;
ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;
ua=[0:
5:
130];
Ff=G*f;
Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;
Fz=Ff+Fw;
plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);
title('驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图');
xlabel('Ua(km/h)');
ylabel('Ft(N)');
gtext('Ft1'),gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff+Fw');
zoomon;
[x,y]=ginput
(1);
zoomoff;
disp('汽车最高车速=');
disp(x);
disp('km/h');
(2).求汽车的最大爬坡度的matlab程序:
n=600:
10:
4500;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;
L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;
Ft1=Tq*ig
(1)*i0*nT/r;
ua1=0.377*r*n/ig
(1)/i0;
Ff=G*f;
Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;
Fz1=Ff+Fw1;
Fi1=Ft1-Fz1;
Zoomon;
imax=100*tan(asin(max(Fi1/G)));
disp('汽车最大爬坡度:
');
disp(imax);
disp('%');
(3)求汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线matlab程序如下:
clear
n=600:
10:
4500;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;
L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;
Ft1=Tq*ig
(1)*i0*nT/r;
Ft2=Tq*ig
(2)*i0*nT/r;
Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;
Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;
Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;
ua1=0.377*r*n/ig
(1)/i0;
ua2=0.377*r*n/ig
(2)/i0;
ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;
ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;
ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;
Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;
Fw2=CDA*ua2.^2/21.15;
Fw3=CDA*ua3.^2/21.15;
Fw4=CDA*ua4.^2/21.15;
Fw5=CDA*ua5.^2/21.15;
Ff=G*f;
deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig
(1)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
deta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig
(2)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
deta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(3)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
deta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(4)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
deta5=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(5)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
a1=(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;
a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;
a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;
a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;
a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;
plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);
axis([0100010]);
title('汽车的加速度倒数曲线');
xlabel('ua(km/h)');
ylabel('1/a');
gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext('1/a5');
(4)绘制汽车动力因数特性曲线matlab程序如下:
n=600:
10:
4500;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;
L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;
Ft1=Tq*ig
(1)*i0*nT/r;
Ft2=Tq*ig
(2)*i0*nT/r;
Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;
Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;
Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;
ua1=0.377*r*n/ig
(1)/i0;
ua2=0.377*r*n/ig
(2)/i0;
ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;
ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;
ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;
ua=[0:
5:
120];
Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;
Fw2=CDA*ua2.^2/21.15;
Fw3=CDA*ua3.^2/21.15;
Fw4=CDA*ua4.^2/21.15;
Fw5=CDA*ua5.^2/21.15;
f0=0.0087;
f1=0.00026;
f4=0.00070;
f=f0+f1*(ua/100)+f4*(ua/100).^4;
D1=(Ft1-Fw1)/G;
D2=(Ft2-Fw2)/G;
D3=(Ft3-Fw3)/G;
D4=(Ft4-Fw4)/G;
D5=(Ft5-Fw5)/G;
plot(ua1,D1,ua2,D2,ua3,D3,ua4,D4,ua5,D5,ua,f);
title('汽车动力特性图');
xlabel('Ua(km/h)');
ylabel('D');
gtext('Ⅰ'),gtext('Ⅱ'),gtext('Ⅲ'),gtext('Ⅳ'),gtext('Ⅴ'),gtext('f');
(5)手工绘制Ⅱ档起步,加速至70km/h的车速-时间曲线以及距离-时间曲线如下:
clear
m=3695;g=9.8;G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;
L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60
nmin=600;nmax=4500;
u1=0.377*r*nmin./ig/i0;
u2=0.377*r*nmax./ig/i0;
deta=0*ig;
fori=1:
5
deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*(ig(i))^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);
end
ua=6:
0.01:
99;N=length(ua);n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;
Ff=G*f;
Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;
fori=1:
N
k=i;
ifua(i)<=u2
(2)
n=ua(i)*(ig
(2)*i0/r)/0.377;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
Ft=Tq*ig
(2)*i0*nT/r;
inv_a(i)=(deta
(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));
delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;
elseifua(i)<=u2(3)
n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;
inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));
delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;
elseifua(i)<=u2(4)
n=ua(i)*(ig(4)*i0/r)/0.377;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;
inv_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));
delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;
else
n=ua(i)*(ig(5)*i0/r)/0.377;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;
inv_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));
delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;
end
a=delta(1:
k);
t(i)=sum(a);
end
plot(t,ua);
axis([0800100]);
title('汽车2档原地起步换挡加速时间曲线');
xlabel('时间t(s)');
ylabel('速度ua(km/h)');
2.
(1).汽车功率平衡图的matlab程序:
clear
n=600:
10:
4500;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];
nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;
i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;
hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60
ua1=0.377*r*n/ig
(1)/i0;
ua2=0.377*r*n/ig
(2)/i0;
ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;
ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;
ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;
Pe1=Tq.*ig
(1)*i0.*ua1./(3600*r);
Pe2=Tq.*ig
(2)*i0.*ua2./(3600*r);
Pe3=Tq.*ig(3)*i0.*ua3./(3600*r);
Pe4=Tq.*ig(4)*i0.*ua4./(3600*r);AA
Pe5=Tq.*ig(5)*i0.*ua5./(3600*r);
ua=[0:
0.36:
120];
Ff=G*f;
Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;
Pf=Ff*ua/3600;
Pw=Fw.*ua/3600;
Pe0=(Pf+Pw)./nT;
Pe=max(Pe1);
plot(ua1,Pe1,ua2,Pe2,ua3,Pe3,ua4,Pe4,ua5,Pe5,ua,Pe0,ua,Pe);
axis([01200100]);
title('汽车功率平衡图');
xlabel('ua(km/h)');
ylabel('Pe(kw)');
gtext('1'),gtext('2'),gtext('3'),gtext('4'),gtext('5'),gtext('(Pf+Pw)/et'),gtext('Pe');
(2)最高档和次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线matlab程序:
clear
n=600:
10:
4000;
Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).^2+40.904*(n/1000).^3-3.85*(n/1000).^4;
m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;
G=m*g;
ig=[3.552.771.651.000.83];
nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;
i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;
hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60
n2=[8201200160020002600300034003880];
B02=[14271355128411231141105112331130];
B12=[-416-304-190-121.60-99-74-85-45];
B22=[7237157.04.52.863.00.71];
B32=[-6.0-2.05-0.51-0.185-0.091-0.051-0.0475-0.0008];
B40=[0.180.0430.0070.00190.00070.000350.0003-0.00004];
B0=spline(n2,B02,n);
B1=spline(n2,B12,n);
B2=spline(n2,B22,n);
B3=spline(n2,B32,n);
B4=spline(n2,B42,n);
Ff=G*f;
ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;
ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;
Fz4=Ff+CDA*(ua4.^2)/21.15;
Fz5=Ff+CDA*(ua5.^2)/21.15;
Pe4=Fz4.*ua4./(nT*3.6*1000);
Pe5=Fz5.*ua5./(nT*3.6*1000);
fori=1:
1:
3401
b4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe4(i)+B2(i)*Pe4(i).^2+B3(i)*Pe4(i).^3+B4(i)*Pe4(i).^4;
b5(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe5(i)+B2(i)*Pe5(i).^2+B3(i)*Pe5(i).^3+B4(i)*Pe5(i).^4;
end
pg=7.0;
Q4=Pe4.*b4./(1.02.*ua4.*pg);
Q5=Pe5.*b5./(1.02.*ua5.*pg);
plot(ua4,Q4,ua5,Q5);
axis([01201030]);
title('最高档与次高档等速百公里油耗曲线');
xlabel('ua(km/h)');
ylabel('百公里油耗(L/100km)');
gtext('4'),gtext('5');
(3).按6工况循环行驶的百公里油耗的matlab程序如下:
functiony=yanshu(b)
i0=5.83;%输入主传动比的数据
b=youhao(i0);%求对应i0的6工况百公里油耗
b
functiony=canshu(i0)%求各个参数的处理函数
n1=linspace(0,5000);%先求各个档位的驱动力nmax=4500;nmin=600;r=0.37;yita=0.8728;CDA=2.6;f=0.0092;G=(3695)*9.8;ig=[3.55,2.77,1.65,1.00,0.83];%i0=5.83
fori=1:
1:
5%i为档位数uamax(i)=chesu(nmax,r,ig(i),i0);%计算各个档位的最大最小速度uamin(i)=chesu(nmin,r,ig(i),i0);
ua(i,:
)=linspace(uamin(i),uamax(i),100);
n(i,:
)=zhuansu(ua(i,:
),r,ig(i),i0);%计算各个档位的转速范围Ttq(i,:
)=zhuanju(n(i,:
));%计算各个档位的转矩范围
Ft(i,:
)=qudongli(Ttq(i,:
),ig(i),i0,yita,r);%求出驱动力
F(i,:
)=f*G+CDA*(ua(i,:
).^2)/21.15;%求出滚动阻力和空气阻力之和Í
delta(i,:
)=1+(1.80+3.60+0.22*(ig(i)^2)*(i0^2)*yita)/(3695*r^2);%求旋转质量换算系数a(i,:
)=1./(delta(i,:
).*3695./(Ft(i,:
)-F(i,:
)));%求加速度
end
functionua=chesu(n,r,ig,i0)%由转矩计算车速
ua=0.377*r.*n/(ig*i0);
functionn=zhuansu(ua,r,ig,i0)%求转速
n=ig*i0.*ua./(0.377*r)
functiony=zhuanju(n)%求转矩函数
y=-19.31+296.00*(n./1000)-165.00.*(n./1000).^2+40.904.*(n./1000).^3-3.85.*(n./1000).^4;
functiony=qudongli(Ttq,ig,i0,yita,r)%求驱动力函数
y=(ig*i0*yita.*Ttq)/r;
%求六工况的油耗
functionb=youhao(i0)
globalfGCDAyitam
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