Reading19.docx
- 文档编号:10340600
- 上传时间:2023-02-10
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:96
- 大小:1.73MB
Reading19.docx
《Reading19.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Reading19.docx(96页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Reading19
Chapter1
ReadingOrganizer
AnswerKey
1.1
1.Listandexplainthethreethingsthathavetoworktogetherinorderformostcomputerstoperformusefulfunctions.
Hardware-thephysicalcomponents,bothinternalandexternal,thatmakeupacomputer.
OperatingSystem-asetofcomputerprogramsthatmanagesthehardwareofacomputer.Anoperatingsystemcontrolstheresourcesonacomputer,includingmemoryanddiskstorage.AnexampleofanoperatingsystemisWindowsXP.
ApplicationSoftware-programsloadedonthecomputertoperformaspecificfunctionusingthecapabilitiesofthecomputer.Anexampleofapplicationsoftwareisawordprocessororacomputergame.
2.Listandexplainthetwogeneralcategoriesofapplicationsoftware.
Business/IndustrySoftware-Softwaredesignedforusebyaspecificindustryormarket.Examplesinclude:
medicalpracticemanagementtools,educationaltoolsandlegalsoftware.
GeneralUseSoftware-Softwareusedbyawiderangeoforganizationsandhomeusersforvariouspurposes.Theseapplicationscanbeusedbyanybusinessorindividual.
3.Explainthedifferencebetweenlocalandnetworkapplicationsoftware.
Localapplication-Alocalapplicationisaprogram,suchasawordprocessor,thatisstoredontheharddiskofthecomputer.Theapplicationrunsonlyonthatcomputer.
Networkapplication-Anetworkapplicationisonethatisdesignedtorunoveranetwork,suchastheInternet.Anetworkapplicationhastwocomponents,onethatrunsonthelocalcomputerandonethatrunsonaremotecomputer.Emailisanexampleofanetworkapplication.
4.
1.2
5.Listthesixcommontypesofcomputersavailable.
a.Mainframes
b.Servers
c.Desktops
d.Workstations
e.Laptops
f.Hand-heldportabledevices
6.Explainwhatserversareandwhattheyareusedfor.
Serversarehighperformancecomputersusedinbusinessesandotherorganizations.
Serversprovideservicestomanyendusersorclients.
7.Whydoserversoftencontainduplicateorredundantparts?
Theservicesprovidedbyaserverareoftenimportantandmayneedtobeavailabletousersatalltimes.Servers,therefore,oftencontainduplicate,orredundant,partstopreventthemfromfailing.
8.Howdoworkstationsdifferfromdesktopcomputers?
Desktopsarecommonlyusedtorunapplicationssuchaswordprocessing,spreadsheetsandnetworkedapplicationssuchasemailandwebbrowsing.
Workstationsarehigh-poweredbusinesscomputers.Theyaredesignedforspecialized,high-endapplicationslikeengineeringprogramssuchasCAD(ComputerAidedDesign).
9.
10.Howdolaptopsdifferfromdesktops?
Theyareportabledevicesbuilttobelightweightanduselesspower,withabuilt-inmouse,monitorandkeyboard.
11.Whataretheadvantagesofusingadockingstationwithalaptopcomputer?
Itallowstheusertoutilizealargermonitor,mouse,full-sizedkeyboardandhavemoreconnectionoptions.
1.3
12.Howmanyvaluesareinasinglebinarydigit(orbit)?
Two
13.WhatisASCIIandhowdoesacomputeruseit?
Computersusebinarycodestorepresentandinterpretletters,numbersandspecialcharacterswithbits.AcommonlyusedcodeistheAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange(ASCII).WithASCII,eachcharacterisrepresentedbyastringofbits
14.Explainthefollowingterms:
Byte-
Whileabitisthesmallestrepresentationofdata,themostbasicunitofdigitalstorageisthebyte.Abyteis8bitsandisthesmallestunitofmeasure(UOM)usedtorepresentdatastoragecapacity.
Kilobyte–
Onekilobyteisalittlemorethanonethousandbytes,specifically1,024.
Megabyte–
Amegabyterepresentsmorethanamillionbytesor1,048,576.
Gigabyte–
Agigabyteis1,073,741,824bytes.
15.Whatarebytes,megabytes,andgigabytestypicallyusedtomeasure?
Kilobytes,megabytes,gigabytes,andterabytesaretypicallyusedtomeasurethesizeorstoragecapacityofadevice.Examplesofcomponentsanddevicesthatusebytestorageinclude:
randomaccessmemory(RAM),harddiskdrivespace,CDs,DVDs,andMP3players.
CompleteLab1.3.2
16.Listandexplainthreetypesofcommonlyusedmedia.
a.Cables,whichusepulsesofelectricitythroughcopperwires
b.Fiberoptics,whichusepulsesoflightoverfibersmadefromglassorplastic
c.Wireless,whichusespulsesoflow-powerradiowaves.
17.Howaredataratesmeasured?
Datatransferratesaremeasuredinthousandsofbitspersecond(kbps)ormillionsofbitspersecond(Mbps).
18.Graphicsresolutionismeasuredbywhatunitofmeasurement?
Graphicsresolutionismeasuredinpixels.
19.Whatunitofmeasurementisusedtomeasurethespeedofacomputerprocessor?
Hertzisameasurementofhowfastsomethingcyclesorrefreshes.Onehertzrepresentsonecyclepersecond.Incomputers,thespeedofthecomputerprocessorismeasuredbyhowfastitcancycleinordertoexecuteinstructions,measuredinhertz.
CompleteLab1.3.3
1.4
20.Whataretheadvantagesofpurchasingapreassembledcomputer?
a.Lowercost
b.Adequatetoperformmostapplications
c.Nowaitingperiodforassembly
21.Whataretheadvantagesofpurchasingacustombuiltcomputer?
a.Theend-usercanspecifyexactcomponentsthatmeetuserneeds
b.Generallysupporthigherperformanceapplicationssuchasgraphics,gaming,andserverapplications
22.Whataresomeissuestoconsiderwhenselectingamotherboard?
a.SupporttheselectedCPUtypeandspeed
b.SupporttheamountandtypeofsystemRAMrequiredbytheapplications
c.Havesufficientslotsofthecorrecttypetoacceptallrequiredinterfacecards
d.Havesufficientinterfacesofthecorrecttype
23.ExplainwhattheCentralProcessingUnit(CPU)isandwhatitdoes.
TheCPU,orprocessor,isthenervecenterofthecomputersystem.Itisthecomponentthatprocessesallofthedatawithinthemachine.
24.Ifacomputerisrunningmultipleapplicationssimultaneouslywhatcomponentisessentialtoaccomplishthis?
Mostcomputersarecapableofrunningmultipleapplicationssimultaneously,ormulti-tasking.Themoreapplicationsthatneedtorunsimultaneously,themoreRAMrequired.
25.Explainindetailthefunctionofthefollowingadaptercards.
VideoCards–
Videocardsacceptinformationfromcomputersandtranslateitintoaformatthatcanbedisplayedonamonitorscreen.VideocardsoftencontainlargeamountsofRAManddedicatedprocessorchipsformanipulatingvideocontent.Thechoiceofvideocardsismadebasedonvideospeedandhigherresolutioncards.Videocardsmustmatchthecapabilitiesoftheconnectedmonitors.
SoundCards–
Soundcardsacceptdigitalinformationfromthesystemandconvertthemintoasignalthatistransmittedtoaspeakerthatoutputsanaudiosignal.High-endsoundcardscanproduceanaudiooutputthatrivalssomedothebeststereoequipmentavailable.
NetworkInterfaceCards–
Networkinterfacecards(NICs)enableacomputersystemtoexchangeinformationwithothersystemsinalocalnetwork.ThespeedofthenetworkandthetypeoftechnologyhelpdeterminewhatNICisrequired.ThemostcommonnetworkingtechnologyiscurrentlyEthernet.
26.Whatisthemainstoragemediumfoundinalmostallcomputersincluding:
servers,desktops,andlaptops?
Harddiskdrives
27.Whatisanothernameforstaticmemoryandmemorysticks?
USBmemorykeysorflashdrives
28.Listseveralinputdevices.
Trackball,joystick,scanner,digitalcamera,digitizer,barcodereader,microphone
29.Listseveraloutputdevices.
Printer,plotter,speakers,headphones
30.Explainthepurposeofasurgesuppressor?
Asurgesuppressorisdesignedtoremovevoltagespikesandsurgesfromthepowerlineandpreventthemfromdamagingacomputersystem.
31.Explainindetailthefunctionandprocessofanuninterruptiblepowersupply.
(Inotherwordsexplainwhatitdoesandhowitworks.)
AUPSisadevicethatcontinuallymonitorsthepowertoacomputersystemandmaintainsthechargeonaninternalbattery.Ifthepowerisinterrupted,theUPSprovidesbackuppowertothesystemwithoutinterruption.ThebackuppowercomesfromabatteryinsidetheUPSandcanonlypowerthecomputersystemforashortperiodoftime.UPSsaredesignedtoprovidetheend-userwithsufficienttimetoproperlyshutdownacomputersystemshouldthemainpowerfail.AUPScanalsoprovideanevenflowofpowertothecomputerandpreventdamagecausedbyvoltagesurges.
1.5
32.Whatisthereasonfortechnicianstowearspecialwristgroundingstraps?
Aspecialwristgroundingstrapisusedtoconnectthetechniciantothecomputercase.GroundingensuresthattheybothreachthesamevoltagepotentialandESDisprevented.
33.Afterinstallinganewcomputercomponentwhyisitimportanttoobtainthemostcurrentdriverforit?
Driversarecontinuallyupdatedtoimproveefficiencyandfunctionality.Themostcurrentdrivercanbeobtainedfromthemanufacturer'swebsiteandshouldnormallybeused.
34.Computercomponentsaredesignedtomakeuseofspecificsetsofsystemresources.Whendealingwithnewercomponentshowaretheseresourcesassigned?
Newercomponentsandoperatingsystemsareabletodynamicallyassignsystemresources.
35.Whatarethestepsrequiredtoinstallaperipheraldevice?
a.Connecttheperipheraltothehostusingtheappropriatecableorwirelessconnection
b.Connecttheperipheraltoapowersource
c.Installtheappropriatedriver
36.Ifanewlyinstalledperipheraldevicedoesnotfunctionproperlywhatstepscanbetakentocorrecttheproblem?
a.Verifythatallcableshavebeenproperlyconnectedandthatthedeviceispoweredup.
b.Manydevices,suchasprinters,offeratestingfunct
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Reading19