中考英语专题非谓语动词之动词不定式.docx
- 文档编号:10317162
- 上传时间:2023-02-10
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:91.64KB
中考英语专题非谓语动词之动词不定式.docx
《中考英语专题非谓语动词之动词不定式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考英语专题非谓语动词之动词不定式.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
中考英语专题非谓语动词之动词不定式
教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号:
年级:
课时数:
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
学科教师:
授课类型
C-动词不定式知识解析
C-中考不定式常考点精析
T不定式的综合训练
授课日期及时段
教学内容
一、专题知识梳理
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
Doyouknowhowtodealwiththelittlecat?
Whathappenedtotheboyandcat?
批注:
由题目中的内容和学员独立思考生活中遇到的情形引出不定式的用法。
知识点1:
动词不定式的构成
(not)to+动词原形
有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无实义。
知识点2:
不定式的句法功能
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb)+todo
e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.(注意:
谓语动词用单数)
ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
区别:
Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth表示做某事对某人来说很adj.。
Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth表示某人这么做真是太adj.了。
e.g.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。
It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.作宾语
⑴常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect.
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?
Idecidetoseeafilmtonight.
IhopetogotoFrancesomeday.
Iexpectlaketowin.
Iwanttogotoamovie.
⑵在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
IfindtolearnEnglisheasy.
IfinditeasytolearnEnglish.
⑶常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:
Whynotdo,whydon’tyoudo,hadbetter(not)do,wouldratherdo
e.g.Iwouldratherstayathome.
Whynotjoinus?
Youhadbettertakeyourownbags.
3.作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时常与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系.这些动词有:
tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike
Lucyaskedhimtoturndownthemusic.
Iwouldlikeyoutobemygroomsman.
Mymotherdoesn’tallowmetodrive.
Mymothergetsmetowatertheflower.
注意:
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时不定式一般省略to,但是变被动态时,必须还原to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel),二听(listen,hear),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)
e.g.Mymothermademeclantheroom.
Iwasmadetocleantheroom.
Iheardhimsingyesterday.
Iseehimplaythebasketballontheplayground,
4.作定语
不定式作定语时放在名词后,它与名词有动宾上的关系。
如果是不及物动词作定语,要在不定式后加适当的介词。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.
Thereisnothingtoeat.
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
SMisagoodplacetogoshopping.
5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
Theteacheristellinguswhattodo.
Idon’tknowwheretogo.
二、例题分析
1.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike__________withyou,aboyoragirl?
A.tolettogoB.lettingtogoC.toletgoD.letgo
解析:
该题考查的是wouldliketodo和letsb.do的固定用法,答案为C。
2.JohnaskedDavidhow__________Christmas.
A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.Celebrated
解析:
该题考查的是宾语从句的缩写形式,w-疑问句+todo的用法,答案为B。
3.Don’tmakeme_____thisorthat.I’mtoobusy!
A.todoB.doC.doingD.Done
解析:
该题考查的是makesb.Do的固定用法,答案为B。
4.-Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?
-Iwouldrather_______athomethan_________football.It’stoohotoutside.
A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing
解析:
该题考查的是wouldratherdothando的用法,答案为B。
三、达标检测
()1.Theheadmastertoldus______attheScienceMuseumontime.
A.arriveB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving
()2.Whowasthefirstone_______?
A.toreachB.toarriveC.togettoD.toarriveat
()3.–Wouldyouplease________yourstorybook________me?
–Sure,ButyoumustreturnittomebeforeWednesday.
A.borrow;toB.keep;forC.lend;toD.buy;for
()4.Theteacheraskedus_______theworkontime.
A.finishB.tofinishC.finishedD.finishes
()5.-Mum,I'mhungry.
-WhataboutgoingtoMcDonald's______friedchicken?
A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.andeat
()6.Weshouldstudythenewtrafficrulesand1earnhow______ourselves.
A.protectB.protectingC.ProtectedD.toprotect
()7.-Haveyoudecided________toWuhan?
-Yes.I'llgotherebytrain.It'smuchcheaperthanbyplane.
A.whentogoB.wheretogoC.howtogoD.whomtogo
()8.There’snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon’tknow_______.
A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat
()9.Ourparentsoftentellusnot_____aloneintheriverinsummer.
A.swimB.swimmingC.toswim
()10.Shereadtheinstructionstofindouthow______thecomputer.
A.useB.touseC.usingD.uses
答案:
1-5CBCBB6-10DCBCB
1、专题精讲
知识点一:
常见动词不定式结构及句型
asksb.(not)todosth.
tellsb.(not)todosth.
advisesb.(not)todosth.
allowsb.(not)todosth
forgettodosth.
remembertodosth.
wanttodosth.
wouldliketodosth.
liketodosth.decidetodosth.
stoptodosth.
seemtodosth.usedtodosth.
bemadetodosth.
beseentodosth.beheardtodosth.
havesth.todo
prefertodosth.goontodosth.
It'stimetodosth.
Thebesttimetodosth.
It's+adj.(important)+forsb.+todosth.
It's+adj.(kind)+ofsb.todosth.
Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.
thinkit+adj.(necessary)+forsb.todosth.
findit+adi.(difficult)+forsb.todosth.
方法:
熟练朗读及记忆常用词汇、短语相应用法,从句子的结构和成分等方面入手,牢记部分句型结构及易混淆知识的辨析。
例1:
()1.AftertheearthquakehitJapan,manyinternationalorganizationsoffered.
A.tohelpingB.tohelpC.helping
解析:
该题考查的是动词不定式offertodo的用法。
答案为B。
例2:
()2.It'sverynice_you_myparentsyourbestwishes.
A.of;sendingB.of;tosendC.for;tosendD.for;sending
解析:
该题考查的是句型结构Itisadj.of/forsb.todosth.用法。
题目中nice是修饰人的品性,答案为B.
例3:
()3.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theypreferTVorlistentomusicratherthannewspapers.
A.watching;readB.watching;toreadC.towatch;readD.towatch;reading
解析:
该题考查的是prefertodoratherthando的用法,答案为C.
例4:
()4.Tom'smothertoldhim_eatingtoomuchmeat.
A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.Stopped
解析:
该题考查的是tellsb.(not)todosth.固定用法,答案为B.
例5:
()5.IttookJanetthreehours_readingthisinterestingstory.
A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishing
解析:
该题考查的是Ittakes(sb.)st.todosth.句型结构,答案为A.
知识点二:
省略to的动词不定式
makesb.(not)dosth.
letsb.(not)dosth.
seesb.dosth.
hearsb.dosth.
hadbetter(not)dosth.
wouldratherdosth.thandosth.
Whynotdosth.=Whydon’tyoudosth.
例1:
()1.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother_____,butyesterdayhewasmade_____byhisbrother.
A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD.tocry;tocry
解析:
该题考查的是make后动词不定式省略to及变为被动后要还原to的用法,答案为A。
例2:
()2.Theassistantwon'tletyou____thecinemaifyouhaven'taticket.
A.enterB:
toenterC.entering
解析:
该题考查的是let后动词不定式省略to的用法,答案为A。
知识点三:
特殊疑问词的不定式
whattodohowtodoitwhentostart
wheretolivewhomtogowithwhichonetochoose
例1:
()1.-Ilikethissetofsofasomuch,butIdon'tknow_____itinmysmallhouse.
-You'resupposedtoputitinthelivingroom.
A.wheretoputB.whytoputC.howtoput
解析:
该题考查的宾语从句的缩略形式之疑问词+不定式用法,答案为A。
例2:
()2.-Haveyoudecidedtogoonapicnicthisweekend?
-Yes,butI'mnotsure_there.
A.howtogetB.wheretogetC.whotoget
解析:
该题考查的宾语从句的缩略形式之疑问词+不定式用法,答案为A.
二、专题过关
()1.--I'dliketobuyanexpensivesportscar.--Well,Mike,wehavegotseveralmodels_______.
A.tobechosenfromB.tochooseC.tochoosefromD.forchoosing
()2.Themanwillusewhathehas______acameraforhiswife.
A.togetB.gotC.buyD.bought
()3.Momcan'thelp_______thehousebecauseshe'sbusypreparingthedinner.
A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.doingthecleaning
()4.Weshouldkeepon______EnglisheverydaytoimproveourspokenEnglish.
A.topracticetospeakB.topracticespeaking
C.practicetospeakD.practicingspeaking
()5.______thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree______outofherlife.
A.Saw,frightenedB.Seen,frightenedC.Seeing,frightenedD.Tosee,frightened
()6.I'msorry_______thattoyousister,buttdidn'tmeantohurther.
A.tosayB.tohavesaidC.sayingD.havingsaid
()7.-Katewouldrather_____than_____duringsummervacation.-Buthersisterpreferssports.
A.stayingindoors;playingtennisB.stayindoors;playtennis
C.tostayindoors;playtennisD.stayindoors;toplaytennis
()8.Hiswishis________ascientist.
A.tobecomeB.becomeC.becameD.becoming
()9.Hisfatheroftenwarnshim_________aloneintheriver.
A.toswimnotB.nottoswimC.tonotswimD.swimnotto
()10.Doyouknowthebestway_________Englishwell?
A.learnB.learnedC.tolearnD.learning
Keys:
CAADCBBABC
学法提炼
1、专题特点:
1)动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,没有人称和单复数变化
2)构成:
to+动词原形;否定式:
not+(to)do
3)作主语、表语、宾语、语补足语、定语、状语、独立成分。
2、解题方法
考点:
1."疑问词+不定式"的语序;疑问词的选用。
2.疑问词后接动词的用法。
方法:
牢记“语序为陈述;疑问词+todo,疑问词看语境”
3、注意事项
1.疑问代词+不定式单独使用时相当于特殊疑问句;作宾语,相当于名词性从句;
2.并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词+不定式”结构
3.疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who,which除外)
4.名词+todosth,不定式作定语,起修饰该名词作用。
一、能力培养
()1.MrWangaskedme_____him.
A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping
()2.Theworkeristeachingus____mendthechair.
A.howtoB.howC.whattoD.when
()3.We’dbetter____ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.
A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don’tplay
()4.Sarais____tired____moveafterthehardwork.
A.very,toB.quite,toC.too,toD.so,that
()5.Lindawasverysorryfor___late.Buttheteacher’ssmilemadeher_____better.
A.was,feelB.being,feelC.tobe,tofeelD.being,felt
()6.Mothermadeuphermind____Tomawayfromschool.
A.tokeepnotB.keepnotC.nottokeepD.notkeep
()7.Noonetoldus____,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howtodoitB.whattodoitC.howshouldwedoD.whatshouldwedo
()8.Wehavetolookforalargehouse____.
A.toliveinB.toliveC.livingD.lived
()9.Theshoesaretoobigforhim_____.
A.towearB.towearitC.towearthemD.wearing
()10.Hemadeashoeshelf____hisshoeson.
A.toputB.putC.puttingD.forputting
()11.Willyouplease_____makeanynoiseinclass?
A.nottoB.don’tC.notD.tonot
()12.Ittookmea
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 中考英语专题 非谓语动词之动词不定式 中考 英语 专题 谓语 动词 不定式
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)