yuedudoc下载各年四级阅读考试.docx
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yuedudoc下载各年四级阅读考试
1997年6月大学英语四级考试试题
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Questions11tol5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:
“storeintherefrigerator”.
InmyfringelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher(肉商),thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus(剩余)breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.
Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling….
Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.
Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-coo1edspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse—whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.
Thefridge'seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers(汉堡包),butatleastyou'llgetridofthatterriblehum.
11.Thestatement“InmybridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Line1,Para.2)suggeststhat.
A)theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties
B)theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties
C)therewasnofridgeintheauthor'shomeinthe1950s
D)thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s
l2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?
A)Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.
l3)Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.
C)Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.
D)Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.
13.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Inventors.C)Manufacturers.
B)Consumers.D)Travelingsalesmen.
14.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?
A)“Humawaycontinuously”.C)“Artificially-cooledspace”.
B)“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”.D)“Withmildtemperatures”.
15.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?
A)Neutral.B)Critical.C)ObjectiveD)Compromising.
Questionsl6to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandeaseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonlyl0or20years,perhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.
Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesigninarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.
16.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?
A)Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.
B)Byworkinghardfor10or20years.
C)Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.
D)Byreproducingit.
17.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?
A)Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.
B)Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.
C)Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.
D)Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.
18.Theword“carbon”(Line3,Para.2)standsfor.
A)intelligentrobotsC)anorganicsubstance
B)AchemicalelementD)humanbeings
19.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen.
A)itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion
B)itisabletobeartheroughenvironment
C)itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain
D)itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones
20.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A)aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction.
B)withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability
C)oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain.itwillpossessintelligence
D)robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace
Questions2lto25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1904,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:
Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.
Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.
InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:
31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.
Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints(蓝图)forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.
Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake'svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.
Thenewsmartstructurescouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.
21.OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowisthat.
A)newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildings
B)itoccurredintheresidentialareasratherthanonthehighways
C)largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholiday
D)improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways
22.Thefunctionofthecomputermentionedinthepassageisto.
A)counterbalanceanearthquake’sactiononthebuilding.
B)predictthecomingofanearthquakewithaccuracy.
C)helpstrengthenthefoundationofthebuilding.
D)measuretheimpactofanearthquake’svibrations.
23.Thesmartbuildingsdiscussedinthepassage.
A)wouldcauseseriousfinancialproblems.
B)wouldbeworthwhilethoughcostly.
C)wouldincreasethecomplexityofarchitecturaldesign.
D)canreducethegroundvibrationscausedbyearthquakes.
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakesattentionshouldbefocusedon.
A)theincreasinguseofrubberandsteelincapitalconstruction
B)thedevelopmentofflexiblebuildingmaterials
C)thereductionoftheimpactofgroundvibrations
D)earlyforecastsofearthquakes
25.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto
A)comparetheconsequencesoftheearthquakesthatoccurredintheU.S.
B)encouragecivilengineerstomakemoreextensiveuseofcomputers
C)outlinethehistoryofthedevelopmentofquake-resistantbuildingmaterials.
D)reportnewdevelopmentsinconstructingquake-resistantbuildings
Questions26to30arebased0nthefollowingpassage:
Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans,plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3,000feetaway—straightup.Adecadeago,adaptingtheinfrared(红外线)scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellites,physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspreciselytargetpesticid
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