THE USE OF THE PIE PERSONINENVIRONMENT SYSTEM IN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION.docx
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THE USE OF THE PIE PERSONINENVIRONMENT SYSTEM IN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION.docx
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THEUSEOFTHEPIEPERSONINENVIRONMENTSYSTEMINSOCIALWORKEDUCATION
题名:
THEUSEOFTHEPIE(PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT)SYSTEMINSOCIALWORKEDUCATION.
Authors:
Karls,JamesM.
Lowery,ChristineT.
Mattaini,MarkA.
Wandrei,KarinE.
来源:
JournalofSocialWorkEducation;Winter97,Vol.33Issue1,p49-58,10p
文档类型:
Article
主题语:
*FIELDwork(Educationalmethod)
*PERSON-in-environmentsystem
*PUBLIChealth
*SOCIALcasework--Classification
*SOCIALworkeducation
*SOCIALworkers
*CLIENTS
NAICS/IndustryCodes62HealthCareandSocialAssistance
6241IndividualandFamilyServices
摘要:
ThearticlepresentstheviewsoffoureducatorsonthevalueandutilityofthePerson-in-Environment(PIE)systemforsocialworkeducationandpractice.Developedbyataskforceofpractitionersandacademics,PIEisauniquesystemfordescribing,classifying,andcodingthecommonproblemsthatadultclientsbringtosocialworkers.PIEisafour-factorsystem.Factor1describestheclient'sproblemsinsocialfunctioning,theirseverityandduration,andtheclient'sabilitytocopewiththem.Factor2describesproblemsintheclient'senvironmentthataffectsocialfunctioning.Factors3and4describetheclient'smentalandphysicalhealthproblems.Inpractice,PIEservesasatoolforidentifyingandreportingassessmentfindingsandforplanningandtestingsocialworkinterventions.Inteaching,itservesasavehicletohelpstudentslearnassessmentfromasocialworkperspective.Forsocialworkeducators,andespeciallyfieldworkfaculty,themajoradvantagesofPIEareinteachingassessmentandinteachingsocialwork'sareasofexpertise.SomeofthelimitationsofthePIEarethat,itisanadult-onlysystem,itisessentiallydescriptiveanddoesnotprovideapictureofthedynamicsofthecase,andsoon.
全文字数:
5097
ISSN:
1043-7797
入藏登记号:
9703102471
数据库:
AcademicSourcePremier
部分:
POINT/COUNTERPOINT
THEUSEOFTHEPIE(PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT)SYSTEMINSOCIALWORKEDUCATION
Point/CounterpointisaregularfeatureoftheJournalofSocialWorkEducation.Itspurposeistoprovideavehiclefortheexpressionofcontrastingviewsoncontroversialtopicsinsocialworkeducation.Ourgoalistoilluminateimportantdebatesandexplorethediverseperspectivesthatareshapingsocialworkeducation.
Inthisissue,foureducatorspresentadialogueonthevalueandutilityofthePerson-in-Environment(PIE)system(Karls&Wandrei,1994)forsocialworkeducationandpractice.Theyare(alphabetically)JamesKarls(JMK),adjunctprofessor,CaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach;ChristineLowery(CTL),assistantprofessor,UniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee;MarkMattaini(MAM),associateprofessor,ColumbiaUniversity;andKarinWandrei(KEW),adjunctprofessor,CaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach,andexecutivedirector,MendocinoCountyYouthProject.JMKandKEWdefendthevirtuesofthePIEsystem,whileCTLandMAMexpressseriousreservations.Theauthorshopethatthisformatwillgeneratefurthercriticalquestionsaboutconceptualizingandcontextualizingsocialworkassessment.
ThePIESystem
CTL&MAM:
HowwouldyoudescribethePIEsystem?
Whatarethecomponentsofthesystem,andhowisPIEused?
JMK&KEW:
Developedbyataskforceofpractitionersandacademics,PIEisauniquesystemfordescribing,classifying,andcodingthecommonproblemsthatadultclientsbringtosocialworkers.Intendedforuseinallpracticesettings,itprovidesasystemforsortingouttheclient'sinterpersonal,environmental,mental,andphysicalhealthproblems.Itthenprovideslanguagefordescribingtheseproblemsinsuccinct,uniformtermsandincludesasystemforcodingthatcanbeusedinaccumulatingcasedataforresearchoragencyadministration.
PIEisafour-factorsystem.FactorIdescribestheclient'sproblemsinsocialfunctioning,theirseverityandduration,andtheclient'sabilitytocopewiththem.FactorIIdescribesproblemsintheclient'senvironmentthataffectsocialfunctioning.FactorsIIIandIVdescribetheclient'smentalandphysicalhealthproblems.Abookandmanualdescribingthesystem,itsconceptualization,anditsapplicationisavailablefromNASWPress(Karls&Wandrei,1994).AbrieferdescriptionofPIEcanalsobefoundintheEncyclopediaofSocialWork(Karls&Wandrei,1995).
Inpractice,PIEservesasatoolforidentifyingandreportingassessmentfindingsandforplanningandtestingsocialworkinterventions.Inteaching,itservesasavehicletohelpstudentslearnassessmentfromasocialworkperspective,becauseitdifferentiatessocialwork'sareasofexpertisefromthoseofpsychiatry,law,religion,psychology,andotherhumanserviceprofessions.ThePIEsystemuseslanguagefamiliartomostsocialworkers,andaworkingknowledgeofthesystemcanbeacquiredinsixtoeighthoursofstudybymostsocialworkers.
PIEdoesnotproduceadiagnosisinthesenseinwhichadiseasemodelwould.Rather,itprovidesacomprehensivepictureoftheclient'sproblemcomplex,anditallowsforapplicationofinterventionsbasedonwhatevertheoriesofhumanorsocialbehaviorthepractitioneroreducatormightotherwiseuseinworkingwithaclient.
CTL&MAM:
Weconcurthattherecanbeutilityinasystemthatallowsaggregatingdescriptivedataregardingcasesforadministrativeorresearchpurposes.Yet,completingaPIEassessmentforeachclientwillrequiresubstantialworkereffort,sotheorganizationalrewardsshouldbecommensurate.Wearenotcertainthattheywillbe.Theseconcernsareespeciallysharpenedinmanagedcaresettings,wheretimeisscarceandworkereffortmustbedirectedtothemostcrucialclinicalpoints.Withregardtoresearch,itseemslikelythataggregateanalytictechniqueslikeclusteranalysismightwellidentifyimportantsubgroupsofclientsfacingsimilarconfigurationsofissues,ifusedwithvalidandreliablePIEdata.Somesocialworkscholars(e.g.,Meyer,1993)havesuggestedthatsuchanalysesmayhaveconsiderablevalue,butthatthismightoccurprimarilywithintargetedsettingswheremeaningfulclustersaremostlikelytobeidentified.
Asystemthatpurportstobeapplicableforallsocialworksettingsis,ofcourse,anambitiousgoal,andDrs.KarlsandWandreihaveclearlydedicatedextensivethoughtandefforttothisproject.Wehaveseriousdoubts,however,aboutthesuccessoftheundertakinginanumberofareas.Thecoreofsocialworkpracticeanditsunderlyingpurposedifferfromthoseoftheotherdisciplinestheynoted.Onlysocialworkhasasitsessentialpurposesubstantivechangeintheadaptivefitbetweenthepersonandtheenvironmentwithinwhichthepersonisembedded.PIEreliesonliststhatdistinguishissuesinthepersonfromthoseintheenvironment,anapproachreminiscentofearlysocialwork(e.g.,Richmond,1917).Thecontemporaryecosystemsperspective(Meyer,1995),whichrecognizesthetransactionalnatureofclinicalphenomena,isasubstantiveadvanceoverthisapproach.Ifitistheoverallpatternthatiscrucialinclinicalwork,canPIEcapturethosetransactionalphenomenainthewaythatbroad-bandgraphicinstrumentslikeecomapsorotherecosystemicapproachesdo(Hartman,1995;Mattaini,1993)?
Also,althoughDrs.KarlsandWandreiindicatethatPIEdoesnotproduceadiagnosisperse,acompletePIEassessmentrequiresadiagnosisbasedontheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM),whichmeansthatallofthequestionsraisedaboutDSMmustalsobeaddressedwithPIE(e.g.,Kirk&Kutchins,1988;Kutchins&Kirk,1986;Mattaini&Kirk,1991).TheDSMlinkalsobindssocialworkersusingPIEtothatpsychiatricsystem,whichisgroundedinadifferentprofessionalstance.
AdvantagesandLimitations
CTL&MAM:
WhataretheprimaryadvantagesandlimitationsofPIEforsocialworkeducation,asdistinctfromsocialworkpracticeandresearch?
JMK&KEW:
Forsocialworkeducators,andespeciallyfieldworkfaculty,themajoradvantagesofPIEareinteachingassessmentandinteachingsocialwork'sareasofexpertise.
Studentslearningassessmentcanbeoverwhelmedwiththegreatamountofdatapresentedbytheclient.Howthestudentcollectsandorganizesthesedatacanbecriticalforplanninginterventionsandforassessingoutcomes.Thesocialworkeducatorwantstomakecertainthatstudentscanorganizedataassocialworkerswould,notaspsychiatristsorlawyerswould.PIE'srootsinsocialworktheoryandphilosophymakesthispossible.Thesystemallowsforreformulationoftheassessmentasthecaseproceeds,andbecauseofitssuccinctnessanduniformity,theproblemformulationcanbereadilyunderstoodbyotherhumanserviceprofessionalsaswellasclients.
Toemphasizesocialwork'suniquenessinthehumanservicefieldanditsspecificareasofexpertise,educatorsmusthaveamethodforcommunicatingthisdifference.ThePIEsystemclearlyidentifiesthatsocialwork'sareasofexpertiselieinaddressingproblemsofsocialfunctioningandproblemsinthesocialenvironment.MentalhealthproblemsareincludedinFactorIIIbecausethetaskforcethatdevelopedthesystemfelttheseproblemswereimportanttonoteifaholistic,comprehensivepictureofaclient'ssituationistobepresented.However,mentalhealthproblemsarenotthemainfocusofthePIEsystem.
MandibergandMiyaoka(1994)reportthatJapanesestudentswithverylimitedexperiencewithclientsfoundthatusingPIEassistedtheminstructuringtheirsocialworkthinking.ItgavethemasenseofconfidenceinworkingwithclientsthatsocialworkerswithouttraininginPIEdidnothave.Delewski(1994)foundthatMSWstudentstrainedinPIEweremorelikelytoconceptualizeclientpro
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