中石油职称英语考试真题阅读汇编附答案.docx
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中石油职称英语考试真题阅读汇编附答案.docx
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中石油职称英语考试真题阅读汇编附答案
05
.Readingcomprehension(30points)
Question41-44
SaudiArabia,OPEC’scautiousgiant,understandsallthis.WhenBillClintonmetSaudiArabia’sCrownPrinceAbdullahthisweek,Mr.Clintonarguedforanoutputrisebigenoughtoputanendtothesepainfulprices.PrinceAbdullahhaspromisedto“makeeveryefforttoensureequilibriumintheoilmarketsandtostabiliseprices.”ThisweekherevealedthatSaudiArabiahasbeenquietlyleakinganextra600,000barrelsperday(bpd)ontothemarketsinceJulyinanefforttocoolprices.
.Ifthatistrue,itjustgoestoshowthatmanagingtheoilmarketsiseasiersaidthandone.DespiteseveralSaudi-inspiredoutputincreasesbythecartelinrecentmonths,thepricehasremainedstubbornlyhigh;thisweek,itsoaredtonearly$35abarrel,thehighestsincetheGulfwarin1990.Asthecartel’soilministersgatherinViennaonSeptember10thtohammeroutnewproductionquotas,theyareonceagainunderintensepressuretoreleasemoreoil,andfast.
TohearOPECmemberstalk,youmightthinkthatseriouspricereliefisontheway.Thereisdiscussionof“managing”pricesdownthroughanewishpricemechanism.Atthecartel’smeetinginMarch,ministersquietlyagreedagrandnewplantokeepoilwithinatargetbandof$22-28abarrel.IfthepriceofabasketofsevenOPECcrudesstaysbelow$22for20tradingdays,thecartelissupposedtocutproductionby500,000barrelsa0ay.Ifitstaysabove$28for20tradingdays,itwillautomaticallyraiseproductionbythesameamount.Thispricebandhasbecomethemaintopicofdiscussioninadvanceoftheupcominggatheringofministers.PrinceAbdullaheventalksofareturntoastablemarketwithinmonths.
Oiltradersandanalystsnotethatthe20-daylimitlookslikelytobetriggeredagainthisweek.AnewreportbyLehmanBrothers,aninvestmentbank,echoestheviewofmany:
“Ourexpectationisthatproductionwillbeincreasedby500,000bpd,eitherthroughthepricemechanismorthroughaseparateagreement.”Whenitreleasednewfiguressuggestingthatdomesticoil-stocklevelsarelowerthanpreviouslythought,theAmericangovernment’sEnergyInformationAdministrationaddedthatittooexpectsanincreaseofthatsize.AddingsupporttothistheoryaremumblingsfromOPECdelegatesinsupportofthemechanism.
Twodecadesago,intheyearofthecartel’s20thbirthdaycelebrations,ministersgatheredinIndonesiatohammeroutdetailsofaclevernewscheme:
amechanismwherebythepriceofoilwouldbefixed,andadjustedeveryquarterautomaticallyforsuchfactorsasinflationandcurrencyfluctuations.Membershadagreedontheambitiousplan,exceptforonecrucialdetail:
atwhatpricetostartthisprice-pegcrawling.ThecautiousSaudis,theself-proclaimedguardiansoftheoilmarket,wantedapricebelow$30abarrel;thehawksinthecartel,unconcernedaboutconsumers’pain,demandedamuchhigherprice.Theensuingbickeringensuredthattheschemecollapsed.
Historymaynowberepeatingitself.Whenthecurrentprice-stabilizationschemewasfirstunveiled,punterswithshortmemoriesplacedbigbetsthatthecartelwouldadheretoit.Bymid-June,thepricebaskethadsailedpastthe20-dayuppertrigger.ButOPECdidnot“automatically”release500,000barrels.Variousconfusedandcontradictoryexplanationssurfacedfromministers,butnottheoil.Onlyattheirnextofficiallyscheduledmeetingdidtheycomeupwithameagerquotaincrease.
41.Thepassageconfirmsthat
a.highoilpricescanbecontrolledifOPECincreaseoiloutput.
b.BillClintonaccomplishedhismissionforthevisittoPrinceAbdullah.
c.Abdullahmadeallhiseffortstocontroloilpricewithoutconsideringthebenefitsofhisowncountry.
d.managingtheoilmarketiseasiersaidthandone.
42.HowmanyoilpriceschemeswererecommendedbyOPECministersaccordingtothepassage?
a.Oneb.Twoc.Threed.Four
43.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutSaudiArabia?
a.SaudiArabiaisthelargestcountryamongthemembersofOPEC.
b.SaudiArabiaisthemostactivecountryinOPECtocontroloilpricesforthebenefitoftherestoftheworld.
c.SaudiArabiaistheguardianoftheworldoilmarket.
d.SaudiArabiaseemstohavestrongintentiontocontroltheoilpricestoaacceptablelevel,butittakesactionsverycarefullyfortheconsiderationofitsownbenefit.
44.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?
a.OPECis,inthemostcases,notreliable.
b.allthemembersofOPEChavetheintentiontoloweroilpriceswhenthepricesgetveryhigh.
c.TheoilpricesarefullycontrolledbythemarketandOPECcandonothingwiththemeventhoughtheywishto
d.InmostcasesOPEChasbeenveryefficientinmanagingoilprices.
Question45-48
Thehorseprecededmanonearth.AlthoughtheearliestremainsofprimitivehorseshavebeenfoundontheNorthAmericancontinent,manyscientistbelievethissmallspeciestraveledoveralandmassintheBeringSeatofoundthebeginningsofthemodernhorseinAsia.ItbecameextinctinAmerica.OtherscientistsbelievethatthehorsemayhaveoriginatedinAsia.InanyeventtheanimalsoonspreadintoChina,Europe,andtheMiddleEast.ThefirstmodernhorsestobeintroducedintotheAmericancontinentcamewiththeearlySpanishexplorers.Horseswerebredintomanytypes.TheheavyhorsesdevelopedinthelowcountriesofEuropeandwereusedforArabian.Theonlytruewildhorsesleftinthe20thcenturyarefoundinMongolia.Horsesaresaidtorateinintelligenceaftertheape,elephant,anddog.Theyhaveexcellentmemoriesandcansometimesfindtheirwayhomewhenlost,andsensedangerbetterthattheirmasters.Theearlycivilizationsofmanthathadmadeuseofhthorsedevelopedmorerapidlythanthosewhichdidnot.
45.Someofthecharacteristicsofthehorseare_________
a.poormemoriesb.greatloyalty
c.moreintelligentthedogd.insomeareastheycansurpasstheabilitiesofman
46.Thehorseoriginated___________
a.intheMiddleEastb.inEuropec.ontheNorthAmericancontinentd.inSpain
47.Theprimaryusesofthehorseforearlymanwere___________
a.forfoodb.forprestigec.tomakemoneyd.toworkforhim
48.Whatcanbesaidaboutthevarietiesofhorses?
a.Theearlyhorseswerelargerthanthemoremodernbreeds.
b.Theonlytruewildhorsesleftinthe20thcenturyareintheMiddleEast.
c.TheoldestbreedofthemodernhorseissaidtobetheArabian.
d.Medievalknightspreferredfast,activehorses.
Questions49-52
RecentintrusionsintothelivesofpublicfigureshavehighlightedthelackoflawsguardingprivacyinBritain.Asaresult,oneissueunderdiscussionasParliamentreturnsthisweekisthepossibleintroductionoflegislationtocurbpresspowers.
ThegovernmentwillprobablytakenoactionuntilitreceivesareportfromacommitteechairedbySirDavidCalcutt,dueinJanuary1993.thecommitteeisexaminingwhetherthepressshouldberegulatedbytougherlegislation.Itisalsoconsideringthewaysinwhichthepresshasinvadedtheprivatelivesofthefamous.
TheCalcuttcommitteehasreportedoncebefore,in1990.itrecommendationsledtothecreationofthePressComplaintsCommission,underwhichthepresswasgiventhechancetoregulateitselfwithouttheneedforaprivacylaw.Italsoproposedanewcriminaloffenceofphysicalintrusiontoobtaininformationforpublication.
Thisproposal,whichwasnotactedupon,wouldhavemadeitunlawfultophotographpeopleonprivatepropertytorecordtheirconversationswithoutpermission.Itwouldhavemadeitanoffencetoenterapropertytoplaceabugorobtainpersonalinformation.
Thecommitteesaidthatthepressshouldbeallowedtoinvadetheprivacyofapublicfigureonlywhenitwaslikelytoexposeorpreventcriminalactivity,otherwisehisorprivacyshouldbeleftalone.Butagenerallawprotectingprivacywasrejected.
Sincethen,reportsinsomenewspapersandmagazinesaboutpeople’sprivateliveshaveignoredthecommittee’srecommendations.TheprivatelivesofGovernmentMinistersandmembersoftheRoyalFamilyhavefeaturedprominentlyinthepress.PhotographsoftheDuchessofYorkSunbathinginFrance,forexample,havebeenwidelypublished.
Somesectionsofthemediajustifytheirintrusionbysayingitisinthepublicinterest.Inademocracy,theyargue,thepublichasarighttoknowwhatpeopleinpositionsofpoweraredoing.Politiciansandothersareaccountablefortheirlives.Privacylaws,thesecriticssay,wouldprotecttheprivileged.
Additionally,manypoliticiansusetheirprivatelivestogainpopularsupport,forexamplebyparadingtheirfamiliesbeforecamerastoemphasized“traditionalvalue”.Hence,someeditorssaytheyarejustifiedinpryingintoprivatelivestouncoveranyfaults.
Likewise,theRoyalFamilyissupportedfrompublicfunds,andthereforeitisarguedthatitsmembersshouldleadresponsibleprivatelives.
49.WhichofthefollowingoccurredrecentlyinBritain?
a.areportfromacommitteechairedbySirDavidCalcutt.B.Intrusionintothelivesofpublicfigures
c.Introductionoflegislationtocubpresspowerd.TheGovernment’sactiontoprotectprivacy.
50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
a.ThepresshasmorefreedomtopublishprivacyofthefamousafterthefoundationofthePressComplaintsCommission.
b.Tophotographpublicfiguresonpublicpropertyislegal.
c.Aprivacylawisunnecessarysincethepresshastheabilitytoregulateitself.
d.ThePressComplaintsCommissionwasformedoutofthepressandthusdidsomethinginfavorofthepress
51.Whatkindofpeoplearelikelytoapprecia
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