定语从句练习试题带答案.docx
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定语从句练习试题带答案.docx
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定语从句练习试题带答案
一定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语主要由形容词担任。
此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词也可以做定语。
abeautifulcity;abagfullofmoney.注意:
汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,
thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred.theboyfromAmerica
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoentertheclassroom.
fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aswimmingpool
Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.
二:
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why.
1.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.
Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.↑↑
先行词关系代词
2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.
Ilikefriendswholikesports.
↑↑
先行词关系代词
3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.
Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet.
↑↑
先行词关系代词
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.。
4.That即可指人,也可指物.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.
Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.
YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.
5.Whose即可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
(一)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
如:
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:
Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如:
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。
如:
WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
如:
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词为人与物时。
如:
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool
(三)关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
当先行词是表时间的名词,比如time,day,week,month,year等;且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when.若先行词是表时间的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.
Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandpare?
Doyourememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogetherlastyear?
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
若先行词是表地点的名词,比如park,city,farm,place等;且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.若先行词是表地点的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.Shanghaiisthecity(which/that)Iwanttovisit.
Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
若先行词是reason;且定语从句中缺原因状语时,用why引导。
若先行词是reason,定语从句中缺主语或宾语,用which/that引导。
Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
Ididn’tbelievethereason(that/which)heexplainedtome
注意:
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
如:
Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.
(四)“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.
TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.
ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.
ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.
注意:
1.含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)
Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)
Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)
TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)
3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。
如:
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.注意事项:
如何判断关系代词和关系副词
方法一:
用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。
例如:
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.
判断改错(注:
先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。
)
(错)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
(错)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
(对)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
(对)I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone答案:
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。
(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上:
不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
意义上:
是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上:
译成先行词的定语:
“...的”
关系词的使用上:
A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上:
用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
意义上:
只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上:
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上:
A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例:
TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。
如:
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。
Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实,这一点我们看得出来。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。
which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外,as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
如:
Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.
John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
注意:
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。
如:
Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.
1.当先行词受such,so,thesame修饰时,关系词常用as。
如:
I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.
注意:
当先行词受thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如:
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Shewore
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