考研英语真题及解析黄皮书.docx
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考研英语真题及解析黄皮书.docx
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考研英语真题及解析黄皮书
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext. Choosethebestword(s) for eachnumberedblank andmarkA,B,CORDon ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
Teachersneedto be awareofthe emotional,intellectual,and physical changes thatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalso needtogive serious1 tohowtheycanbest2 such changes.Growingbodiesneed movementand 3 ,butnotjust inwaysthat emphasizecompetition.4they are adjustingtotheir newbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualand emotionalchallenges, teenagers areespeciallyself-consciousand needthe 5thatcomesfromachieving successandknowing thattheiraccomplishmentsare 6byothers. However,thetypicalteenage lifestyleis already filledwithso much competition thatitwouldbe 7 toplanactivitiesin which thereare morewinners thanlosers, 8,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbook reviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoring bookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscan provide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpractice insuccessful 11 dynamics.Makingfriendsis extremelyimportanttoteenagers,and many shystudentsneedthe 12 ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthe background.
Intheseactivities,itis importanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave 14attentionspans.Avariety ofactivities should beorganized 15participants canremainactiveas longastheywantandthengo onto 16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingthe other participants 17. Thisdoesnotmeanthat adultsmust accept irresponsibility. 18 they canhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby 19for rolesthatarewithintheir 20 andtheirattentionspansandby having clearlystatedrules.
1. [A]thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice
2. [A]strengthen [B]accommodate [C]stimulate[D]enhance
3.[A] care [B]nutrition [C] exercise [D]leisure
4. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D]Because
5. [A]assistance[B]guidance [C]confidence [D]tolerance
6.[A]claimed [B] admired [C]ignored[D]surpassed
7.[A]improper [B]risky [C]fair [D]wise
8.[A]ineffect [B]asaresult [C]forexample[D]ina sense
9.[A]displaying[B]describing [C]creating [D]exchanging
10.[A]durable [B] excessive [C]surplus [D] multiple
11. [A] group [B]individual [C]personnel [D]corporation
12.[A]consent [B]insurance [C] admission [D]security
13.[A]particularly [B] barely [C]definitely [D]rarely
14.[A]similar [B]long [C]different [D]short
15. [A] ifonly [B]nowthat [C]sothat [D] even if
16. [A]everything [B]anything [C]nothing [D]something
17.[A]off [B]down [C]out [D]alone
18.[A] Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage [C]Onthewhole[D]On theother hand
19.[A]making [B] standing [C] planning [D]taking
20. [A]capability [B]responsibility [C]proficiency[D] efficiency
Section II ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweachtext bychoosing[A],[B],[C] or[D].Markyouranswers onANSWER SHEET1. (40points)
Text1
WildBill Donovanwould havelovedthe Internet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltthe OfficeofStrategicServicesin the WorldWarⅡandlater laidtheroots for theCIA wasfascinatedwithinformation. Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscame tohandinthe “greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”Thesedays theNet,whichhasalreadyre-made sucheveryday pastimesas buyingbooksandsendingmail,is reshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.
The latestrevolutionisn’tsimplya matterofgentlemen readingothergentlemen’se-mail. Thatkind ofelectronic spyinghas beengoing onfordecades.In the pastthreeorfouryears,the World WideWebhasgivenbirthto awhole industryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscall it“opensourceintelligence,”andasthe Netgrows,itis becoming increasinglyinfluential.In 1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethe mostdataabout Burundi.Thewinner, by alargemargin, wasatinyVirginia companycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantage wasits masteryof theelectronicworld.
Among the firmsmakingthebiggestsplashin the newworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)to corporationslike energy-services firmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsare availableonlineat c:
\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\http:
\.
Straiford presidentGeorgeFriedman sayshesees theonlineworldasa kind of mutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollection anddistribution,aspymaster’s dream.Last weekhis firmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthe farcornersofthe worldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’ll suddenlyget500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”saysFriedman, aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhear backfrom someofthem.”Open-sourcespying does haveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficult totellgood informationfrombad.That’s whereStraitford earnsitskeep.
Friedmanrelies ona leanstaffof20inAustin. Several ofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds. Heseesthe firm’soutsiderstatusasthekeyto itssuccess. Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsound liketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarations onthechancethey mightbewrong. Straitford, saysFriedman,takes prideinitsindependent voice.
21.Theemergenceofthe Nethas .
[A]receivedsupportfrom fanslike Donovan
[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices
[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes
[D]revived spyingas a profession
22.Donovan’sstoryis mentionedinthe textto.
[A]introduce thetopicofonlinespying
[B] showhowhefoughtfortheUS
[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar
[D]honorhis uniqueservicesto theCIA
23.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans .
[A]causing thebiggesttrouble
[B]exertingthegreatesteffort
[C] achievingthegreatestsuccess
[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity
24.Itcanbelearned fromparagraph4that.
[A] straitford’s prediction aboutUkrainehasprovedtrue
[B] straitfordguaranteesthe truthfulnessofitsinformation
[C]straitford’sbusiness is characterizedbyunpredictability
[D] straitford is abletoprovidefairlyreliable information
25.Straitfordismostproudofits .
[A]officialstatus
[B]nonconformistimage
[C] efficientstaff
[D]militarybackground
Text2
To paraphrase18th-centurystatesman EdmundBurke,“all thatis neededfor thetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthat goodpeopledonothing.”One such causenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthe theory thatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefully toanimalrightsadvocates, whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesin healthknowledgeandcare.Leaders oftheanimalrights movementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependson publicfunding,and fewpeopleunderstandthe processofhealth care research. Hearingallegations ofcrueltytoanimals in researchsettings,many are perplexed thatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.
For example, agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimal rightsboothatarecent streetfairwasdistributingabrochure that encouragedreadersnotto useanythingthatcomesfromoris testedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowif vaccines comefrom animalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwould havetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappen whenepidemicsreturn, shesaid, “Don’tworry, scientists will findsomeway ofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.
Scientistsmust communicatetheirmessage tothe public inacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms, notinthe languageof molecularbiology. Weneedtomakeclearthe connectionbetweenanimalresearchand agrandmother’s hip replacement,a father’sbypassoperation,a baby’s vaccinations, andevenapet’s shots.Tothosewhoare unawarethatanimal researchwasneededtoproducethese treatments,aswellas newtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseems wastefulat bestandcruelat worst.
Muchcan bedone.Scientistscould“adopt” middleschool classesandpresent theirownresearch.Theyshouldbe quicktorespondtolettersto the editor, lestanimal rightsmisinformation gounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholders arepatients, thehealth research communityshould activelyrecruitto itscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuch asStephenCooper,whohas made courageous statements aboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment. If goodpeople donothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembers of medical progress.
26.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swords to .
[A] callonscientiststotakesomeactions
[B]criticize the misguided causeofanimal rights
[C]warnofthedoom ofbiomedicalresearch
[D]showthetriumph oftheanimalrightsmovement
27. Misledpeopletendtothink thatusing
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