XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题 答案 详解.docx
- 文档编号:10282657
- 上传时间:2023-02-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:27
- 大小:39.63KB
XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题 答案 详解.docx
《XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题 答案 详解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题 答案 详解.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题答案详解
2018年考研英语一真题(后附答案详解)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____
(1)manyworthwhilethings:
childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____
(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(3).
_____(4),whydowetrustatall?
Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand promptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother. Swiss Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):
Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.
_____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?
”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!
”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____(20)"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from
2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest
3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price
4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again
5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.Although D.When
6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains
7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compare
8.A.atB.byC.of D.to
9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle
10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters
11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic
12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight
13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over
14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted
15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside
16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered
17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked
18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled
19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance
20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET. (40points)
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:
Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
A.Leadingpoliticians.
B.Low-wagelaborers.
C.Robotowners.
D.Middle-classworkers.
22. 【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?
A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.
B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.
C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled
D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.
A.creativepotential.
B.job-huntingskills.
C.individualneeds.
D.cooperativespirit.
24.【题干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.
A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.
B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.
C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.
D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.
25. 【题干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.
A.pposingviewsonit.
B.possiblesolutionstoit.
C.itsalarmingimpacts.
D.itsmajorvariations.
Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.
MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.
Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.
Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.
Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.
Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.
26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson
【选项】
A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.
B.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.
C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.
D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.
27.【题干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
【选项】A
A.sharpen
B.define
C.boast
D.share
28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople
【选项】
A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspa
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- XX8年考研英语一真题及答案原题 答案 详解 XX8 考研 英语 一真题