常用it作形式主语地句型结构.docx
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常用it作形式主语地句型结构.docx
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常用it作形式主语地句型结构
常用it作形式主语的句型结构
◇ It+be+形容词+that-从句
可用于此句型的形容词有:
wonderful, true,good,right,wrong,(un)important,useless,surprising,clear,unusual,lucky,certain,necessary等。
如:
①It is quite certain thathe will be at the meeting.
②Itissurprisingthathecamelatetoschoolthismorning.
③It is important that we (should) study hard
注意:
该句型中的形容词是(un)important,necessary等时,从句应为(should)+动词原形。
◇ It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
适用该句型的过去分词主要有:
said, reported, announced, hoped, thought,told,believed,expected,decided,suggested, known等。
如:
①It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free
②Itiswellknownthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
③Itissuggestedthatthesportsmeeting(should)beputoffuntilnextweek.
注意:
该句型的过去分词是suggested时,从句应为(should)+动词原形。
◇ It+be+名词+that-从句
适用该句型的名词(词组)有:
a pity,an honor,a good thing,a fact,a surprise,good news,one’sduty等。
如:
①It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.
②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
◇ It +seem/ appear/ happen的适当形式+that从句。
该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。
如:
①It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town.
→There seems to be a big waste pipe coming down from the town.
②He appeared tobecalm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.
→It appeared that he was calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.
◇ It doesn't matter (It’snowonder;Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifference等)
+ when/ where/ which/ whether 等从句。
如:
①Does itmatter if he can't finish the job on time?
②They are all classmates.Itis no wonder
they should help each other with their studies.
◇ It + be + adj./ n. (for sb. / of sb.) + to do sth. 该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult,hard,easy,impossible,necessary,important等,此时用for;或表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice,good,bad,kind,silly,foolish,wise,clever, careless,rude,brave,cruel,careful, grateful等,这时要用 of。
如:
①Itisfoolishofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance.
②Itisnecessaryforcollegestudentstomasteratleastaforeignlanguage
It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:
ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.
2.It+be+名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:
afact,apity,ashame,anhonour,aquestion等,如:
It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.
Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot.
3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:
announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等,如:
Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.
Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.
4.It+不及物动词(seem,appear,happen等)+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:
appear,happen,seem等,如:
Itseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.
IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.
5.It+be+形容词+forsb.)+动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加forsb,如:
It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.
Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.
这类形容词有:
easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise
6.It+be+形容词+ofsb.+动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:
kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。
某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。
如:
It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.
=Youarekindtohelpme.
Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.
=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.
7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式,如:
Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.
8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:
good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等,如:
It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.
Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.
9.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式,如:
Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.
Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.
实战演练:
1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
2.Infact isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(2001)
A.this B.that C.there D.it
3. isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.There B.This C.That D.It
4.Is necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?
(MET88)
A.everyone B.this C.her D.it
5.________willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.
A.It B.I C.We D.They
6.Itisnousehis_________there,thesituationishopelessnow.
A.togo B.tobegoing C.going D.havinggone
7.Itisnevertoolatetolearn,________?
A.isit B.isn’tit C.doesit D.doesn’tit
8.___________isknowntoallthatShenzhouVILaunchedSuccessfully.
A.As B.What C.It D.That
9._______isreportedinthenewspaper,theEarthquakeineastChina'sJiangxiProvincekilled13people
A.It B.As C.That D.What
10.___________certainthathisinventionwillmakepeople’slifeconvenient.
A.That’s B.Thisis C.It’s D.What’s
11._________thatthereisanotherfootballmatchontheairthisevening.
A.Itsays B.Itwassaid C.Itissaid D.Whatwassaid
12.__________thattheirdaughtergotanopportunitytostudyabroad.
A.It’saexcitingnews B.Thisisanexcitingnews
C.Thisisexitingnews D.It’sexcitingnews
参考答案:
1——5BDDDA 6——10CACAC 11——12CD
一、主语从句的概念与类型
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether以及连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和连接副词when,where,why,how等.例如:
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她当选了使我们很高兴.
Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否来还是一个问题.
Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.
Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他们何时出发还没决定.
注意:
上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)Itis+adj./n.+从句
Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……
Itispossiblethat...很可能……
Itisunlikelythat...不可能……
2)It+不及物动词+从句
Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……
Ithappenedthat...碰巧……
3)It+be+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat...据说……
Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……
Itisreportedthat...据报道……
Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……
Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……
Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……
Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明…….例如:
Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.
Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.有人建议会议延期召开.
It'sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.
ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.
[巩固练习]
1.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
3._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题
1)引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:
Whatisdonecan'tbeundone.(谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.
Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.
Thatweshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththepresentserioussituationisimportant.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.
Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
[巩固练习]
4._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?
A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have
5.Itmatterslittle_______amandies,but_______mattersmuchis_______helives.
A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that
6._______shecouldn'tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
7.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
8._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
9.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?
-_______shehadfailedintheexamination.
A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That
2)引导词if和whether
if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:
Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.她是否回家还不得而知.
Whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.
=Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.
但我们不能说Ifweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.
[巩固练习]
10._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
3)其它引导词
连接代词who,which,whom,whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where,why,how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.
[巩固练习]
11.-Doyouremember_______hecame?
-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
12.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever
13.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
-Isthat_______you
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- 关 键 词:
- 常用 it 形式 主语 句型 结构
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