考研《英语一》阅读理解答案.docx

考研《英语一》阅读理解答案.docx

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考研《英语一》阅读理解答案

2021年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.

　　Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath—assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

　　Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen（andmanymen）thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

　　TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverspunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

　　Thefashionindustryknowstihasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

　　IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:

"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and–shamemethodofcompliance.

　　Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebest.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

　　21.【题干】Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

　　【选项】

　　A.Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

　　B.Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

　　C.Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

　　D.Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

　　【答案】A

　　22.【题干】Thephrase"impingingon"（Line2,Para2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　【选项】

　　A.heighteningthevalueof.

　　B.indicatingthestateof.

　　C.losingfaithin.

　　D.doingharmto.

　　【答案】D

　　23.【题干】Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

　　【选项】

　　A.TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

　　B.NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

　　C.Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

　　D.Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

　　【答案】B

　　24.【题干】AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

　　【选项】

　　A.settingahighagethresholdformodels.

　　B.caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.

　　C.showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

　　D.pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

　　【答案】C

　　25.【题干】Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

　　【选项】

　　A.TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

　　B.JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

　　C.ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

　　D.AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

　　【答案】D

　　Text2

　　Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）adwhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

　　AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"arefreshingair."Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

　　Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobjectTheconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

　　Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

　　Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

　　Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

　　26.【题干】Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

　　【选项】

　　A.didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

　　B.hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

　　C.isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

　　D.isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

　　【答案】D

　　27.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

　　【选项】

　　A.graduallydestroyed.

　　B.effectivelyreinforced.

　　C.largelyovershadowed.

　　D.properlyprotected.

　　【答案】A

　　28.【题干】WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

　　【选项】

　　A.Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

　　B.TheConservativesmayabandon"off-plan"building.

　　C.TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

　　D.Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

　　【答案】C

　　29.【题干】TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference_____

　　【选项】

　　A.highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

　　B.showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

　　C.stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

　　D.revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

　　【答案】A

　　30.【题干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof_____

　　【选项】

　　A.thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

　　B.thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

　　C.theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

　　D.thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

　　【答案】D

　　Text3

　　"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,"wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFiredman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

　　ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect,"wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

　　PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）.Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

　　Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence