四级考试真题汇总版 真题+听力原文+答案详解.docx
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四级考试真题汇总版 真题+听力原文+答案详解.docx
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四级考试真题汇总版真题+听力原文+答案详解
2012年12月四级考试真题汇总版
Part ⅠWriting
注意此部分试题在答题卡1上
Direction:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledEducationPaysYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatisIntegrity?
"Integrity"isdefinedas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey’retakingbyusingexcuses:
"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:
"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?
Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme"),andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an"F"intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:
youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot
Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:
HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.
CheatingHurtsOthers,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo.")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,butacheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
WhyIntegrityMatters
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife
B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues
D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit
B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust
D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.
B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.
C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.
D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?
A.ithascausednoharm.
B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.
C.ithasgoneunnoticed.
D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses.
B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.
C.Makehisintensionspublic.
D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious
B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.
D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.
A)paymoredearly
B)becomemoreconfident
C)bewidelyadmired
D)feelsomewhatlucky
8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_______
9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_______
10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_______.
PartIIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.
W:
Ijustheardaboutareallybeautifulparkintheeastendofthetown.Therearealotofrosesinbloom.
M:
Whydon’twewalkoverthereandseeforourselves?
Q:
Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?
12.
M:
Mypresentationisscheduledfor9:
30tomorrowmorningatthelecturehall.Ihopetoseeyouthere.
W:
Oh,sorry.IwasabouttotellyouthatIhaveanappointmentwithmydentistat9:
00o’clocktomorrow.
Q:
Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?
13.
W:
Howlonghaveyoubeenrunningthiscompany?
M:
Twentyyearsifyoucanbelievethat.Ibroughtitfromasmalloperationtowhatitistoday.
Q:
Whatdowelearnabouttheman?
14.
M:
Haveyoureadthenewsonthe
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